Abstract
Charge carriers have been studied for use in applications such as fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and electrochemical CO2 reactors for conversion to value-added products. Here, transient-based equilibrium models are developed for two well-known charge carriers: methyl viologen (MV) and ethyl viologen (EV). The models are simulated using Butler-Volmer kinetics until steady-state is reached. EV is favored over MV due to lower dimerization, and enabling over 2 × production of reduced EV+ over MV+. MV and EV products do not appear to significantly change, except only under sufficiently acidic conditions (pH < 4). Charge and energy input requirement are used to assess total system efficiency and potential for system scale-up via chronoamperometry. The charge and energy analysis performed with EV as the charge carrier reveals that optimal charging voltage is around − 0.8 to − 0.85 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which is above the minimum reduction voltage (around − 0.6 to − 0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and suggest more favorable conditions for performing such charge carrier reductions. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 1573-1584 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Journal of Applied Electrochemistry |
Volume | 52 |
Issue number | 11 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Keywords
- Batch cell reactor
- Charge carrier
- Chronoamperometry
- Cyclic voltammetry
- Electrocatalysis
- Modeling
- Speciation
- Viologen
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Chemical Engineering
- Electrochemistry
- Materials Chemistry