Endoscopic biopsy of human olfactory epithelium as a source of progenitor cells

Background: The adult central nervous system contains progenitor cells; however, invasive surgery is required for their harvest. Olfactory neuroepithelium (ONe) has attracted attention because it is extracranial and contains progenitor cells that account for its regenerative capacity. Olfactory progenitor cells have been cultured from postmortem ONe. Our aim was to determine if olfactory progenitors could be obtained via biopsy from patients in a feasible, effective, and safe manner. Methods: Endoscopic biopsy was performed on individuals undergoing sinus surgery (n = 42). Olfactory function was assessed pre- and postoperatively. Specimens were cultured under conditions for olfactory progenitor cell development. Results: Progenitor cells emerged in cultures from 50% of our patients. The superior turbinate, biopsied with cutting punch forceps, gave the highest yield. No adverse impact on olfaction or complications with the biopsy were observed. Conclusion: Endoscopic biopsy of ONe for obtaining olfactory progenitor cells from living donors is feasible, effective, and safe.