TY - JOUR
T1 - Endotoxin-induced ileal mucosal injury and nitric oxide dysregulation are temporally dissociated
AU - Crouser, Elliott D.
AU - Julian, Mark W.
AU - Weinstein, David M.
AU - Fahy, Ruairi J.
AU - Bauer, John A.
PY - 2000
Y1 - 2000
N2 - Despite recent investigations, the mechanisms responsible for intestinal epithelial injury during endotoxemia remain unclear. The present study tests the hypothesis that epithelial necrosis and/or apoptosis correlate with nitric oxide (NO) dysregulation in a nonischemic model of sepsis-induced ileal injury. To test this hypothesis, a well-established in situ, autoperfused, feline ileal preparation was employed. After endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], 3 mg/kg, intravenously; n = 9) or vehicle (control; n = 5) treatment, ileal segments were obtained at baseline, 2 and 4 h for simultaneous evaluations of cellular and mitochondrial ultrastructure, immunoprevalence of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 3- nitrotyrosine (a stable biomarker of peroxynitrite), and histochemical evidence of apoptosis. Epithelial necrosis was prominent by 2 h post-LPS, despite unaltered global ileal tissue oxygen content, blood volume, and blood flow. Significant evidence of apoptosis and increases in the immunoprevalence of iNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine were not evident until 4 h post-LPS. These results suggest that the early ileal mucosal necrosis may be due to LPS- induced activation of inflammatory pathways and/or microcirculatory disturbances, whereas NO dysregulation may participate in later events, including protein nitration and epithelial apoptosis.
AB - Despite recent investigations, the mechanisms responsible for intestinal epithelial injury during endotoxemia remain unclear. The present study tests the hypothesis that epithelial necrosis and/or apoptosis correlate with nitric oxide (NO) dysregulation in a nonischemic model of sepsis-induced ileal injury. To test this hypothesis, a well-established in situ, autoperfused, feline ileal preparation was employed. After endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], 3 mg/kg, intravenously; n = 9) or vehicle (control; n = 5) treatment, ileal segments were obtained at baseline, 2 and 4 h for simultaneous evaluations of cellular and mitochondrial ultrastructure, immunoprevalence of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 3- nitrotyrosine (a stable biomarker of peroxynitrite), and histochemical evidence of apoptosis. Epithelial necrosis was prominent by 2 h post-LPS, despite unaltered global ileal tissue oxygen content, blood volume, and blood flow. Significant evidence of apoptosis and increases in the immunoprevalence of iNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine were not evident until 4 h post-LPS. These results suggest that the early ileal mucosal necrosis may be due to LPS- induced activation of inflammatory pathways and/or microcirculatory disturbances, whereas NO dysregulation may participate in later events, including protein nitration and epithelial apoptosis.
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U2 - 10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9907043
DO - 10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9907043
M3 - Article
C2 - 10806178
AN - SCOPUS:0034067422
SN - 1073-449X
VL - 161
SP - 1705
EP - 1712
JO - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
JF - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
IS - 5
ER -