Abstract
To decode the function and molecular recognition of several recently discovered cytosine derivatives in the human genome – 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine – a detailed understanding of their effects on the structural, chemical, and biophysical properties of DNA is essential. Here, we review recent literature in this area, with particular emphasis on features that have been proposed to enable the specific recognition of modified cytosine bases by DNA-binding proteins. These include electronic factors, modulation of base-pair stability, flexibility, and radical changes in duplex conformation. We explore these proposals and assess whether or not they are supported by current biophysical data. This analysis is focused primarily on the properties of epigenetically modified DNA itself, which provides a basis for discussion of the mechanisms of recognition by different proteins.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 1700199 |
| Journal | BioEssays |
| Volume | 40 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 2018 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Research of the authors is supported by an Oxford University/EPSRC Doctoral Training Partnership award (to J.S.H.), a Carmen L. Buck endowment (to A.N.L.), and a BBSRC sLoLa grant BB/J001694/2 – Extending the boundaries of nucleic acid chemistry (to T.B.).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 WILEY Periodicals, Inc.
Keywords
- 5-carboxylcytosine
- 5-formylcytosine
- 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
- 5-methylcytosine
- DNA demethylation
- DNA structure
- epigenetics
- thymine-DNA glycosylase
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)