Extraction of the proton radius from electron-proton scattering data

We perform a new analysis of electron-proton scattering data to determine the proton electric and magnetic radii, enforcing model-independent constraints from form factor analyticity. A wide-ranging study of possible systematic effects is performed. An improved analysis is developed that rebins data taken at identical kinematic settings and avoids a scaling assumption of systematic errors with statistical errors. Employing standard models for radiative corrections, our improved analysis of the 2010 Mainz A1 Collaboration data yields a proton electric radius rE=0.895(20)fm and magnetic radius rM=0.776(38)fm. A similar analysis applied to world data (excluding Mainz data) implies rE=0.916(24)fm and rM=0.914(35)fm. The Mainz and world values of the charge radius are consistent, and a simple combination yields a value rE=0.904(15)fm that is 4σ larger than the CREMA Collaboration muonic hydrogen determination. The Mainz and world values of the magnetic radius differ by 2.7σ, and a simple average yields rM=0.851(26)fm. The circumstances under which published muonic hydrogen and electron scattering data could be reconciled are discussed, including a possible deficiency in the standard radiative correction model which requires further analysis.