Fate of the total score: Dimensionality of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 (CMNI-46)

Joseph H. Hammer; Patrick J. Heath; David L. Vogel

doi:10.1037/men0000147

Fate of the total score: Dimensionality of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 (CMNI-46)

Joseph H. Hammer, Patrick J. Heath, David L. Vogel

Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

22 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 (CMNI-46) measures conformity to hegemonic masculine gender role norms. Research offers conflicting conclusions regarding the CMNI-46's dimensionality, with varying degrees of support for models that consist of 9 correlated factors and second-order or bifactor models that include a general Conformity to Masculine Norms (CMN) factor. To clarify the instrument's dimensionality, the present study used confirmatory factor analysis and ancillary bifactor measures in 2 samples of community (N = 627) and college men (N = 811). Results generally supported the use of the correlated factors solution for conceptualizing and modeling the CMNI-46. In turn, there was a lack of support for using the CMNI-46 to measure a general CMN factor, as the general CMN factor accounted for little variance in both samples. The theoretical implication is that the CMNI-46 can measure conformity to specific masculine norms but not overall conformity.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	645-651
Number of pages	7
Journal	Psychology of Men and Masculinity
Volume	19
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000147
State	Published - Oct 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Sample 1 included 627 community-dwelling adult men (Mage = 46.74, SD = 16.86) recruited from ResearchMatch, a national health volunteer registry created by several academic institutions and supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health as part of the Clinical Translational Science Award program. ResearchMatch has a large population of volunteers who have consented to be contacted by researchers about health studies for which they may be eligible. The study was advertised as a study of what it means to be a man in today’s society. Interested participants were directed to an online survey that began with an informed consent page, continued with the CMNI-46 and demographic items, and ended with a debriefing page.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Psychological Association.

Keywords

Bifactor analysis
Conformity to masculine norms
Scale development
Scoring
Validity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Gender Studies
Social Psychology
Applied Psychology
Life-span and Life-course Studies

Access to Document

10.1037/men0000147

Cite this

@article{3e57801ec00f4cfe92c417aac8f3e43b,

title = "Fate of the total score: Dimensionality of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 (CMNI-46)",

abstract = "The Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 (CMNI-46) measures conformity to hegemonic masculine gender role norms. Research offers conflicting conclusions regarding the CMNI-46's dimensionality, with varying degrees of support for models that consist of 9 correlated factors and second-order or bifactor models that include a general Conformity to Masculine Norms (CMN) factor. To clarify the instrument's dimensionality, the present study used confirmatory factor analysis and ancillary bifactor measures in 2 samples of community (N = 627) and college men (N = 811). Results generally supported the use of the correlated factors solution for conceptualizing and modeling the CMNI-46. In turn, there was a lack of support for using the CMNI-46 to measure a general CMN factor, as the general CMN factor accounted for little variance in both samples. The theoretical implication is that the CMNI-46 can measure conformity to specific masculine norms but not overall conformity.",

keywords = "Bifactor analysis, Conformity to masculine norms, Scale development, Scoring, Validity",

author = "Hammer, {Joseph H.} and Heath, {Patrick J.} and Vogel, {David L.}",

note = "Funding Information: Sample 1 included 627 community-dwelling adult men (Mage = 46.74, SD = 16.86) recruited from ResearchMatch, a national health volunteer registry created by several academic institutions and supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health as part of the Clinical Translational Science Award program. ResearchMatch has a large population of volunteers who have consented to be contacted by researchers about health studies for which they may be eligible. The study was advertised as a study of what it means to be a man in today{\textquoteright}s society. Interested participants were directed to an online survey that began with an informed consent page, continued with the CMNI-46 and demographic items, and ended with a debriefing page. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 American Psychological Association.",

year = "2018",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1037/men0000147",

language = "English",

volume = "19",

pages = "645--651",

number = "4",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Fate of the total score

T2 - Dimensionality of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 (CMNI-46)

AU - Hammer, Joseph H.

AU - Heath, Patrick J.

AU - Vogel, David L.

N1 - Funding Information: Sample 1 included 627 community-dwelling adult men (Mage = 46.74, SD = 16.86) recruited from ResearchMatch, a national health volunteer registry created by several academic institutions and supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health as part of the Clinical Translational Science Award program. ResearchMatch has a large population of volunteers who have consented to be contacted by researchers about health studies for which they may be eligible. The study was advertised as a study of what it means to be a man in today’s society. Interested participants were directed to an online survey that began with an informed consent page, continued with the CMNI-46 and demographic items, and ended with a debriefing page. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 American Psychological Association.

PY - 2018/10

Y1 - 2018/10

N2 - The Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 (CMNI-46) measures conformity to hegemonic masculine gender role norms. Research offers conflicting conclusions regarding the CMNI-46's dimensionality, with varying degrees of support for models that consist of 9 correlated factors and second-order or bifactor models that include a general Conformity to Masculine Norms (CMN) factor. To clarify the instrument's dimensionality, the present study used confirmatory factor analysis and ancillary bifactor measures in 2 samples of community (N = 627) and college men (N = 811). Results generally supported the use of the correlated factors solution for conceptualizing and modeling the CMNI-46. In turn, there was a lack of support for using the CMNI-46 to measure a general CMN factor, as the general CMN factor accounted for little variance in both samples. The theoretical implication is that the CMNI-46 can measure conformity to specific masculine norms but not overall conformity.

AB - The Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 (CMNI-46) measures conformity to hegemonic masculine gender role norms. Research offers conflicting conclusions regarding the CMNI-46's dimensionality, with varying degrees of support for models that consist of 9 correlated factors and second-order or bifactor models that include a general Conformity to Masculine Norms (CMN) factor. To clarify the instrument's dimensionality, the present study used confirmatory factor analysis and ancillary bifactor measures in 2 samples of community (N = 627) and college men (N = 811). Results generally supported the use of the correlated factors solution for conceptualizing and modeling the CMNI-46. In turn, there was a lack of support for using the CMNI-46 to measure a general CMN factor, as the general CMN factor accounted for little variance in both samples. The theoretical implication is that the CMNI-46 can measure conformity to specific masculine norms but not overall conformity.

KW - Bifactor analysis

KW - Conformity to masculine norms

KW - Scale development

KW - Scoring

KW - Validity

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85045549935&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85045549935&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1037/men0000147

DO - 10.1037/men0000147

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85045549935

VL - 19

SP - 645

EP - 651

IS - 4

ER -

Fate of the total score: Dimensionality of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 (CMNI-46)

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this