Flow-tube oxidation experiments on the carbon preform of a phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator

Francesco Panerai; Alexandre Martin; Nagi N. Mansour; Steven A. Sepka; Jean Lachaud

doi:10.2514/1.T4265

Flow-tube oxidation experiments on the carbon preform of a phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator

Francesco Panerai, Alexandre Martin, Nagi N. Mansour, Steven A. Sepka, Jean Lachaud

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

62 Scopus citations

Abstract

Oxidation experiments on the carbon preform of a phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator were performed in a flow-tube reactor facility, at temperatures between 700 and 1300 K, under dry air gas at pressures between 1.6 × 103 and 6.0 × 104 Pa. Mass loss, volumetric recession and density changes were measured at different test conditions. An analysis of the diffusion/reaction competition within the porous material, based on the Thiele number, allows identification of low temperature and low-pressure conditions to be dominated by in-depth volume oxidation. Experiments above 1000Kwere found at transition conditions,where diffusion and reaction occur at similar scales.The microscopic oxidation behavior of the fibers was characterized by scanning electronmicroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis.Thematerialwas foundto oxidize at specific sites, forming a pittingpattern distributedover the surface of the fibers. Calcium- and oxygen-rich residues from the oxidation reactions were observed at several locations.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	181-190
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer
Volume	28
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2514/1.T4265
State	Published - 2014

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Financial support to the first author of this work was provided by the NASA Small Business Innovation Research Phase-2 Award NNX10CC53P and the NASA Kentucky Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research Award NNX10AV39A. Support by the Hypersonic Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Program for the effort is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the unwavering encouragements by M. J. Wright from the NASA Ames Research Center and A. M. Calomino from the NASA Langley Research Center. We are also thankful to J. Chavez Garcia, J. W. Ridge, and M. Gusman from ERC, Inc. for support on scanning electron microscopy, assistance at the flow-tube laboratory, and for the training on samples’ encapsulation, respectively. The comments of F. S. Milos and Y. K. Chen from the NASA Ames Research Center are greatly appreciated.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Condensed Matter Physics
Aerospace Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Space and Planetary Science

Access to Document

10.2514/1.T4265

Cite this

@article{9f89d90dd18045b694fb695ece7ce086,

title = "Flow-tube oxidation experiments on the carbon preform of a phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator",

abstract = "Oxidation experiments on the carbon preform of a phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator were performed in a flow-tube reactor facility, at temperatures between 700 and 1300 K, under dry air gas at pressures between 1.6 × 103 and 6.0 × 104 Pa. Mass loss, volumetric recession and density changes were measured at different test conditions. An analysis of the diffusion/reaction competition within the porous material, based on the Thiele number, allows identification of low temperature and low-pressure conditions to be dominated by in-depth volume oxidation. Experiments above 1000Kwere found at transition conditions,where diffusion and reaction occur at similar scales.The microscopic oxidation behavior of the fibers was characterized by scanning electronmicroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis.Thematerialwas foundto oxidize at specific sites, forming a pittingpattern distributedover the surface of the fibers. Calcium- and oxygen-rich residues from the oxidation reactions were observed at several locations.",

author = "Francesco Panerai and Alexandre Martin and Mansour, {Nagi N.} and Sepka, {Steven A.} and Jean Lachaud",

note = "Funding Information: Financial support to the first author of this work was provided by the NASA Small Business Innovation Research Phase-2 Award NNX10CC53P and the NASA Kentucky Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research Award NNX10AV39A. Support by the Hypersonic Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Program for the effort is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the unwavering encouragements by M. J. Wright from the NASA Ames Research Center and A. M. Calomino from the NASA Langley Research Center. We are also thankful to J. Chavez Garcia, J. W. Ridge, and M. Gusman from ERC, Inc. for support on scanning electron microscopy, assistance at the flow-tube laboratory, and for the training on samples{\textquoteright} encapsulation, respectively. The comments of F. S. Milos and Y. K. Chen from the NASA Ames Research Center are greatly appreciated.",

year = "2014",

doi = "10.2514/1.T4265",

language = "English",

volume = "28",

pages = "181--190",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Flow-tube oxidation experiments on the carbon preform of a phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator

AU - Panerai, Francesco

AU - Martin, Alexandre

AU - Mansour, Nagi N.

AU - Sepka, Steven A.

AU - Lachaud, Jean

N1 - Funding Information: Financial support to the first author of this work was provided by the NASA Small Business Innovation Research Phase-2 Award NNX10CC53P and the NASA Kentucky Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research Award NNX10AV39A. Support by the Hypersonic Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Program for the effort is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the unwavering encouragements by M. J. Wright from the NASA Ames Research Center and A. M. Calomino from the NASA Langley Research Center. We are also thankful to J. Chavez Garcia, J. W. Ridge, and M. Gusman from ERC, Inc. for support on scanning electron microscopy, assistance at the flow-tube laboratory, and for the training on samples’ encapsulation, respectively. The comments of F. S. Milos and Y. K. Chen from the NASA Ames Research Center are greatly appreciated.

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - Oxidation experiments on the carbon preform of a phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator were performed in a flow-tube reactor facility, at temperatures between 700 and 1300 K, under dry air gas at pressures between 1.6 × 103 and 6.0 × 104 Pa. Mass loss, volumetric recession and density changes were measured at different test conditions. An analysis of the diffusion/reaction competition within the porous material, based on the Thiele number, allows identification of low temperature and low-pressure conditions to be dominated by in-depth volume oxidation. Experiments above 1000Kwere found at transition conditions,where diffusion and reaction occur at similar scales.The microscopic oxidation behavior of the fibers was characterized by scanning electronmicroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis.Thematerialwas foundto oxidize at specific sites, forming a pittingpattern distributedover the surface of the fibers. Calcium- and oxygen-rich residues from the oxidation reactions were observed at several locations.

AB - Oxidation experiments on the carbon preform of a phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator were performed in a flow-tube reactor facility, at temperatures between 700 and 1300 K, under dry air gas at pressures between 1.6 × 103 and 6.0 × 104 Pa. Mass loss, volumetric recession and density changes were measured at different test conditions. An analysis of the diffusion/reaction competition within the porous material, based on the Thiele number, allows identification of low temperature and low-pressure conditions to be dominated by in-depth volume oxidation. Experiments above 1000Kwere found at transition conditions,where diffusion and reaction occur at similar scales.The microscopic oxidation behavior of the fibers was characterized by scanning electronmicroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis.Thematerialwas foundto oxidize at specific sites, forming a pittingpattern distributedover the surface of the fibers. Calcium- and oxygen-rich residues from the oxidation reactions were observed at several locations.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84902000502&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84902000502&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.2514/1.T4265

DO - 10.2514/1.T4265

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84902000502

SN - 0887-8722

VL - 28

SP - 181

EP - 190

JO - Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

JF - Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

IS - 2

ER -

Flow-tube oxidation experiments on the carbon preform of a phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this