Formation of nitro musk adducts of rainbow trout hemoglobin for potential use as biomarkers of exposure

M. A. Mottaleb; X. Zhao; L. R. Curtis; G. W. Sovocool

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.01.004

Formation of nitro musk adducts of rainbow trout hemoglobin for potential use as biomarkers of exposure

M. A. Mottaleb, X. Zhao, L. R. Curtis, G. W. Sovocool

Internal Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

The high use of nitro musk xylene (MX) and musk ketone (MK) as fragrances, and their persistence and bioaccumulation potential make them ubiquitous environmental contaminants. The 4-amino-MX (AMX) and 2-amino-MK (AMK) metabolites have been detected in trout fish hemoglobin (Hb) samples by gas chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twelve Hb samples prepared from rainbow trout that were exposed to MX and MK, over a period of 24 and 72h, were analyzed. Amino metabolites were liberated by basic hydrolysis and extracted from the fish Hb into n-hexane. The extract was concentrated, analyzed, and spiked with a standard solution (80pg/μl) of AMX or AMK and reanalyzed. Concentrations of AMX from 10 to 25ng/g were detected in Hb from fish taken 24 and 72h after MX exposure. At 24 and 72h after MK exposure, the concentration of AMK was found to be 25-51ng/g and 9.5-25ng/g, respectively. Concentrations of AMK in Hb from two of the three trout were substantially lower after 72h compared with 24h exposure. The AMX and AMK metabolites were not detected in four control samples. Average recoveries exceeding 89 and 86% could be achieved for AMX and AMK, respectively, with a coefficient of variation (CV) around 5%.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	315-324
Number of pages	10
Journal	Aquatic Toxicology
Volume	67
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.01.004
State	Published - May 12 2004

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Notice: The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), funded and performed the research described. This manuscript has been subjected to the EPA’s peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by EPA for use.

Keywords

Biomarkers
Fish
Hb adducts
Nitro musk

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Aquatic Science
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.01.004

Cite this

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title = "Formation of nitro musk adducts of rainbow trout hemoglobin for potential use as biomarkers of exposure",

abstract = "The high use of nitro musk xylene (MX) and musk ketone (MK) as fragrances, and their persistence and bioaccumulation potential make them ubiquitous environmental contaminants. The 4-amino-MX (AMX) and 2-amino-MK (AMK) metabolites have been detected in trout fish hemoglobin (Hb) samples by gas chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twelve Hb samples prepared from rainbow trout that were exposed to MX and MK, over a period of 24 and 72h, were analyzed. Amino metabolites were liberated by basic hydrolysis and extracted from the fish Hb into n-hexane. The extract was concentrated, analyzed, and spiked with a standard solution (80pg/μl) of AMX or AMK and reanalyzed. Concentrations of AMX from 10 to 25ng/g were detected in Hb from fish taken 24 and 72h after MX exposure. At 24 and 72h after MK exposure, the concentration of AMK was found to be 25-51ng/g and 9.5-25ng/g, respectively. Concentrations of AMK in Hb from two of the three trout were substantially lower after 72h compared with 24h exposure. The AMX and AMK metabolites were not detected in four control samples. Average recoveries exceeding 89 and 86% could be achieved for AMX and AMK, respectively, with a coefficient of variation (CV) around 5%.",

keywords = "Biomarkers, Fish, Hb adducts, Nitro musk",

author = "Mottaleb, {M. A.} and X. Zhao and Curtis, {L. R.} and Sovocool, {G. W.}",

note = "Funding Information: Notice: The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), funded and performed the research described. This manuscript has been subjected to the EPA{\textquoteright}s peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by EPA for use. ",

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AU - Mottaleb, M. A.

AU - Zhao, X.

AU - Curtis, L. R.

AU - Sovocool, G. W.

N1 - Funding Information: Notice: The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), funded and performed the research described. This manuscript has been subjected to the EPA’s peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by EPA for use.

PY - 2004/5/12

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N2 - The high use of nitro musk xylene (MX) and musk ketone (MK) as fragrances, and their persistence and bioaccumulation potential make them ubiquitous environmental contaminants. The 4-amino-MX (AMX) and 2-amino-MK (AMK) metabolites have been detected in trout fish hemoglobin (Hb) samples by gas chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twelve Hb samples prepared from rainbow trout that were exposed to MX and MK, over a period of 24 and 72h, were analyzed. Amino metabolites were liberated by basic hydrolysis and extracted from the fish Hb into n-hexane. The extract was concentrated, analyzed, and spiked with a standard solution (80pg/μl) of AMX or AMK and reanalyzed. Concentrations of AMX from 10 to 25ng/g were detected in Hb from fish taken 24 and 72h after MX exposure. At 24 and 72h after MK exposure, the concentration of AMK was found to be 25-51ng/g and 9.5-25ng/g, respectively. Concentrations of AMK in Hb from two of the three trout were substantially lower after 72h compared with 24h exposure. The AMX and AMK metabolites were not detected in four control samples. Average recoveries exceeding 89 and 86% could be achieved for AMX and AMK, respectively, with a coefficient of variation (CV) around 5%.

AB - The high use of nitro musk xylene (MX) and musk ketone (MK) as fragrances, and their persistence and bioaccumulation potential make them ubiquitous environmental contaminants. The 4-amino-MX (AMX) and 2-amino-MK (AMK) metabolites have been detected in trout fish hemoglobin (Hb) samples by gas chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twelve Hb samples prepared from rainbow trout that were exposed to MX and MK, over a period of 24 and 72h, were analyzed. Amino metabolites were liberated by basic hydrolysis and extracted from the fish Hb into n-hexane. The extract was concentrated, analyzed, and spiked with a standard solution (80pg/μl) of AMX or AMK and reanalyzed. Concentrations of AMX from 10 to 25ng/g were detected in Hb from fish taken 24 and 72h after MX exposure. At 24 and 72h after MK exposure, the concentration of AMK was found to be 25-51ng/g and 9.5-25ng/g, respectively. Concentrations of AMK in Hb from two of the three trout were substantially lower after 72h compared with 24h exposure. The AMX and AMK metabolites were not detected in four control samples. Average recoveries exceeding 89 and 86% could be achieved for AMX and AMK, respectively, with a coefficient of variation (CV) around 5%.

KW - Biomarkers

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KW - Hb adducts

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ER -

Formation of nitro musk adducts of rainbow trout hemoglobin for potential use as biomarkers of exposure

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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