Gender-specific characteristics of individuals with depressive symptoms and coronary heart disease

Objective: In individuals with depressive symptoms and coronary heart disease (CHD), little is known about gender-specific characteristics that may inform treatments and outcomes. This study sought to identify characteristics that distinguish men from women with both conditions. Methods: By cross-sectional design, 1951 adults with CHD and elevated depressive symptoms completed questionnaires to measure anxiety, hostility, perceived control, and knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about CHD. Gender differences were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. Results: Women were more likely to be single (odds ratio [OR] 3.61, P < .001), to be unemployed (OR 2.52, P < .001), to be poorly educated (OR 2.52, P < .001), to be anxious (OR 1.14, P < .01), and to perceive lower control over health (OR 1.34, P < .01) than men. Conclusion: Women with CHD and depressive symptoms have fewer resources, greater anxiety, and lower perceived control than men. In women, targeting modifiable factors, such as anxiety and perceived control, is warranted.