Genetic variation within the human papillomavirus type 16 genome is associated with oropharyngeal cancer prognosis

K. A. Lang Kuhs; D. L. Faden; L. Chen; D. K. Smith; M. Pinheiro; C. B. Wood; S. Davis; M. Yeager; J. F. Boland; M. Cullen; M. Steinberg; S. Bass; X. Wang; P. Liu; M. Mehrad; T. Tucker; J. S. Lewis; R. L. Ferris; L. Mirabello

doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.005

Genetic variation within the human papillomavirus type 16 genome is associated with oropharyngeal cancer prognosis

K. A. Lang Kuhs, D. L. Faden, L. Chen, D. K. Smith, M. Pinheiro, C. B. Wood, S. Davis, M. Yeager, J. F. Boland, M. Cullen, M. Steinberg, S. Bass, X. Wang, P. Liu, M. Mehrad, T. Tucker, J. S. Lewis, R. L. Ferris, L. Mirabello

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: A significant barrier to adoption of de-escalated treatment protocols for human papillomavirus-driven oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) is that few predictors of poor prognosis exist. We conducted the first large whole-genome sequencing (WGS) study to characterize the genetic variation of the HPV type 16 (HPV16) genome and to evaluate its association with HPV-OPC patient survival. Patients and methods: A total of 460 OPC tumor specimens from two large United States medical centers (1980-2017) underwent HPV16 whole-genome sequencing. Site-specific variable positions [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] across the HPV16 genome were identified. Cox proportional hazards model estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival by HPV16 SNPs. Harrell C-index and time-dependent positive predictive value (PPV) curves and areas under the PPV curves were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of HPV16 SNPs for overall survival. Results: A total of 384 OPC tumor specimens (83.48%) passed quality control filters with sufficient depth and coverage of HPV16 genome sequencing to be analyzed. Some 284 HPV16 SNPs with a minor allele frequency ≥1% were identified. Eight HPV16 SNPs were significantly associated with worse survival after false discovery rate correction (individual prevalence: 1.0%-5.5%; combined prevalence: 15.10%); E1 gene position 1053 [HR for overall survival (HR_os): 3.75, 95% CI 1.77-7.95; P_fdr = 0.0099]; L2 gene positions 4410 (HR_os: 5.32, 95% CI 1.91-14.81; P_fdr = 0.0120), 4539 (HR_os: 6.54, 95% CI 2.03-21.08; P_fdr = 0.0117); 5050 (HR_os: 6.53, 95% CI 2.34-18.24; P_fdr = 0.0030), and 5254 (HR_os: 7.76, 95% CI 2.41–24.98; P_fdr = 0.0030); and L1 gene positions 5962 (HR_os: 4.40, 95% CI 1.88-10.31; P_fdr = 0.0110) and 6025 (HR_os: 5.71, 95% CI 2.43-13.41; P_fdr = 0.0008) and position 7173 within the upstream regulatory region (HR_os: 9.90, 95% CI 3.05-32.12; P_fdr = 0.0007). Median survival time for patients with ≥1 high-risk HPV16 SNPs was 3.96 years compared with 18.67 years for patients without a high-risk SNP; log-rank test P < 0.001. HPV16 SNPs significantly improved the predictive accuracy for overall survival above traditional factors (age, smoking, stage, treatment); increase in C-index was 0.069 (95% CI 0.019-0.119, P < 0.001); increase in area under the PPV curve for predicting 5-year survival was 0.068 (95% CI 0.015-0.111, P = 0.008). Conclusions: HPV16 genetic variation is associated with HPV-OPC prognosis and can improve prognostic accuracy.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	638-648
Number of pages	11
Journal	Annals of Oncology
Volume	33
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.005
State	Published - Jun 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 European Society for Medical Oncology

Funding

DLF has received research funding from Bristol Myers Squibb and Foundation Medicine, in-kind contributions from BostonGene, holds equity in Illumina and consulting fees from Merck, Noetic, and Focus on Boston. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest. This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) [grant number K07CA218247 ] (Principal investigator: KALK), and funded by the intramural research program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, National Institutes of Health (Principal investigator: LM); Vanderbilt Clinical Oncology Research Career Development Program [grant number K12 CA090625]; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [grant numbers K23 DE028010 , R01 DE026471 ] (Principal investigators: DKS and XW, respectively); Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center Early Detection and Prevention Program pilot grant, and the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research [grant number UL1 TR000445 ] (from NCATS/NIH).

Funders	Funder number
Vanderbilt Clinical Oncology Research Career Development Program	K12 CA090625
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
National Childhood Cancer Registry – National Cancer Institute	K07CA218247
National Childhood Cancer Registry – National Cancer Institute
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research	K23 DE028010, R01 DE026471
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
Merck
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)
Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research	UL1 TR000445
Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research
Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics

Keywords

HPV16
HPV16 sublineages
HPV16 variants
OPC
oropharyngeal cancer
viral genome sequencing

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Hematology
Oncology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.005

Cite this

Lang Kuhs, K. A., Faden, D. L., Chen, L., Smith, D. K., Pinheiro, M., Wood, C. B., Davis, S., Yeager, M., Boland, J. F., Cullen, M., Steinberg, M., Bass, S., Wang, X., Liu, P., Mehrad, M., Tucker, T., Lewis, J. S., Ferris, R. L., & Mirabello, L. (2022). Genetic variation within the human papillomavirus type 16 genome is associated with oropharyngeal cancer prognosis. Annals of Oncology, 33(6), 638-648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.005

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title = "Genetic variation within the human papillomavirus type 16 genome is associated with oropharyngeal cancer prognosis",

abstract = "Purpose: A significant barrier to adoption of de-escalated treatment protocols for human papillomavirus-driven oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) is that few predictors of poor prognosis exist. We conducted the first large whole-genome sequencing (WGS) study to characterize the genetic variation of the HPV type 16 (HPV16) genome and to evaluate its association with HPV-OPC patient survival. Patients and methods: A total of 460 OPC tumor specimens from two large United States medical centers (1980-2017) underwent HPV16 whole-genome sequencing. Site-specific variable positions [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] across the HPV16 genome were identified. Cox proportional hazards model estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival by HPV16 SNPs. Harrell C-index and time-dependent positive predictive value (PPV) curves and areas under the PPV curves were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of HPV16 SNPs for overall survival. Results: A total of 384 OPC tumor specimens (83.48%) passed quality control filters with sufficient depth and coverage of HPV16 genome sequencing to be analyzed. Some 284 HPV16 SNPs with a minor allele frequency ≥1% were identified. Eight HPV16 SNPs were significantly associated with worse survival after false discovery rate correction (individual prevalence: 1.0%-5.5%; combined prevalence: 15.10%); E1 gene position 1053 [HR for overall survival (HRos): 3.75, 95% CI 1.77-7.95; Pfdr = 0.0099]; L2 gene positions 4410 (HRos: 5.32, 95% CI 1.91-14.81; Pfdr = 0.0120), 4539 (HRos: 6.54, 95% CI 2.03-21.08; Pfdr = 0.0117); 5050 (HRos: 6.53, 95% CI 2.34-18.24; Pfdr = 0.0030), and 5254 (HRos: 7.76, 95% CI 2.41–24.98; Pfdr = 0.0030); and L1 gene positions 5962 (HRos: 4.40, 95% CI 1.88-10.31; Pfdr = 0.0110) and 6025 (HRos: 5.71, 95% CI 2.43-13.41; Pfdr = 0.0008) and position 7173 within the upstream regulatory region (HRos: 9.90, 95% CI 3.05-32.12; Pfdr = 0.0007). Median survival time for patients with ≥1 high-risk HPV16 SNPs was 3.96 years compared with 18.67 years for patients without a high-risk SNP; log-rank test P < 0.001. HPV16 SNPs significantly improved the predictive accuracy for overall survival above traditional factors (age, smoking, stage, treatment); increase in C-index was 0.069 (95% CI 0.019-0.119, P < 0.001); increase in area under the PPV curve for predicting 5-year survival was 0.068 (95% CI 0.015-0.111, P = 0.008). Conclusions: HPV16 genetic variation is associated with HPV-OPC prognosis and can improve prognostic accuracy.",

keywords = "HPV16, HPV16 sublineages, HPV16 variants, OPC, oropharyngeal cancer, viral genome sequencing",

author = "{Lang Kuhs}, {K. A.} and Faden, {D. L.} and L. Chen and Smith, {D. K.} and M. Pinheiro and Wood, {C. B.} and S. Davis and M. Yeager and Boland, {J. F.} and M. Cullen and M. Steinberg and S. Bass and X. Wang and P. Liu and M. Mehrad and T. Tucker and Lewis, {J. S.} and Ferris, {R. L.} and L. Mirabello",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 European Society for Medical Oncology",

year = "2022",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.005",

language = "English",

volume = "33",

pages = "638--648",

number = "6",

}

Lang Kuhs, KA, Faden, DL, Chen, L, Smith, DK, Pinheiro, M, Wood, CB, Davis, S, Yeager, M, Boland, JF, Cullen, M, Steinberg, M, Bass, S, Wang, X, Liu, P, Mehrad, M, Tucker, T, Lewis, JS, Ferris, RL & Mirabello, L 2022, 'Genetic variation within the human papillomavirus type 16 genome is associated with oropharyngeal cancer prognosis', Annals of Oncology, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 638-648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.005

TY - JOUR

T1 - Genetic variation within the human papillomavirus type 16 genome is associated with oropharyngeal cancer prognosis

AU - Lang Kuhs, K. A.

AU - Faden, D. L.

AU - Chen, L.

AU - Smith, D. K.

AU - Pinheiro, M.

AU - Wood, C. B.

AU - Davis, S.

AU - Yeager, M.

AU - Boland, J. F.

AU - Cullen, M.

AU - Steinberg, M.

AU - Bass, S.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Liu, P.

AU - Mehrad, M.

AU - Tucker, T.

AU - Lewis, J. S.

AU - Ferris, R. L.

AU - Mirabello, L.

PY - 2022/6

Y1 - 2022/6

N2 - Purpose: A significant barrier to adoption of de-escalated treatment protocols for human papillomavirus-driven oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) is that few predictors of poor prognosis exist. We conducted the first large whole-genome sequencing (WGS) study to characterize the genetic variation of the HPV type 16 (HPV16) genome and to evaluate its association with HPV-OPC patient survival. Patients and methods: A total of 460 OPC tumor specimens from two large United States medical centers (1980-2017) underwent HPV16 whole-genome sequencing. Site-specific variable positions [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] across the HPV16 genome were identified. Cox proportional hazards model estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival by HPV16 SNPs. Harrell C-index and time-dependent positive predictive value (PPV) curves and areas under the PPV curves were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of HPV16 SNPs for overall survival. Results: A total of 384 OPC tumor specimens (83.48%) passed quality control filters with sufficient depth and coverage of HPV16 genome sequencing to be analyzed. Some 284 HPV16 SNPs with a minor allele frequency ≥1% were identified. Eight HPV16 SNPs were significantly associated with worse survival after false discovery rate correction (individual prevalence: 1.0%-5.5%; combined prevalence: 15.10%); E1 gene position 1053 [HR for overall survival (HRos): 3.75, 95% CI 1.77-7.95; Pfdr = 0.0099]; L2 gene positions 4410 (HRos: 5.32, 95% CI 1.91-14.81; Pfdr = 0.0120), 4539 (HRos: 6.54, 95% CI 2.03-21.08; Pfdr = 0.0117); 5050 (HRos: 6.53, 95% CI 2.34-18.24; Pfdr = 0.0030), and 5254 (HRos: 7.76, 95% CI 2.41–24.98; Pfdr = 0.0030); and L1 gene positions 5962 (HRos: 4.40, 95% CI 1.88-10.31; Pfdr = 0.0110) and 6025 (HRos: 5.71, 95% CI 2.43-13.41; Pfdr = 0.0008) and position 7173 within the upstream regulatory region (HRos: 9.90, 95% CI 3.05-32.12; Pfdr = 0.0007). Median survival time for patients with ≥1 high-risk HPV16 SNPs was 3.96 years compared with 18.67 years for patients without a high-risk SNP; log-rank test P < 0.001. HPV16 SNPs significantly improved the predictive accuracy for overall survival above traditional factors (age, smoking, stage, treatment); increase in C-index was 0.069 (95% CI 0.019-0.119, P < 0.001); increase in area under the PPV curve for predicting 5-year survival was 0.068 (95% CI 0.015-0.111, P = 0.008). Conclusions: HPV16 genetic variation is associated with HPV-OPC prognosis and can improve prognostic accuracy.

AB - Purpose: A significant barrier to adoption of de-escalated treatment protocols for human papillomavirus-driven oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) is that few predictors of poor prognosis exist. We conducted the first large whole-genome sequencing (WGS) study to characterize the genetic variation of the HPV type 16 (HPV16) genome and to evaluate its association with HPV-OPC patient survival. Patients and methods: A total of 460 OPC tumor specimens from two large United States medical centers (1980-2017) underwent HPV16 whole-genome sequencing. Site-specific variable positions [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] across the HPV16 genome were identified. Cox proportional hazards model estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival by HPV16 SNPs. Harrell C-index and time-dependent positive predictive value (PPV) curves and areas under the PPV curves were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of HPV16 SNPs for overall survival. Results: A total of 384 OPC tumor specimens (83.48%) passed quality control filters with sufficient depth and coverage of HPV16 genome sequencing to be analyzed. Some 284 HPV16 SNPs with a minor allele frequency ≥1% were identified. Eight HPV16 SNPs were significantly associated with worse survival after false discovery rate correction (individual prevalence: 1.0%-5.5%; combined prevalence: 15.10%); E1 gene position 1053 [HR for overall survival (HRos): 3.75, 95% CI 1.77-7.95; Pfdr = 0.0099]; L2 gene positions 4410 (HRos: 5.32, 95% CI 1.91-14.81; Pfdr = 0.0120), 4539 (HRos: 6.54, 95% CI 2.03-21.08; Pfdr = 0.0117); 5050 (HRos: 6.53, 95% CI 2.34-18.24; Pfdr = 0.0030), and 5254 (HRos: 7.76, 95% CI 2.41–24.98; Pfdr = 0.0030); and L1 gene positions 5962 (HRos: 4.40, 95% CI 1.88-10.31; Pfdr = 0.0110) and 6025 (HRos: 5.71, 95% CI 2.43-13.41; Pfdr = 0.0008) and position 7173 within the upstream regulatory region (HRos: 9.90, 95% CI 3.05-32.12; Pfdr = 0.0007). Median survival time for patients with ≥1 high-risk HPV16 SNPs was 3.96 years compared with 18.67 years for patients without a high-risk SNP; log-rank test P < 0.001. HPV16 SNPs significantly improved the predictive accuracy for overall survival above traditional factors (age, smoking, stage, treatment); increase in C-index was 0.069 (95% CI 0.019-0.119, P < 0.001); increase in area under the PPV curve for predicting 5-year survival was 0.068 (95% CI 0.015-0.111, P = 0.008). Conclusions: HPV16 genetic variation is associated with HPV-OPC prognosis and can improve prognostic accuracy.

KW - HPV16

KW - HPV16 sublineages

KW - HPV16 variants

KW - OPC

KW - oropharyngeal cancer

KW - viral genome sequencing

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Genetic variation within the human papillomavirus type 16 genome is associated with oropharyngeal cancer prognosis

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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