Genetics after twilight

In 2006, the whole genome sequence was completed for the Thoroughbred mare, Twilight. This sequence and the tools derived from this work led to the discovery of genetic variants responsible for coat color traits, hereditary diseases, and even some performance traits. Technological advances have made whole genome sequence easier and less expensive. Whole genome sequencing derived from ancient horse DNA has provided insights into the events associated with domestication of the horse and also suggests that one of the costs of domestication has been an increase in the genetic load, specifically, autosomal recessive deleterious genes. The next step for genomic research is the development of approaches for readily investigating functional genomics. Functional genomics is a tool relevant to all fields of equine study, including immunology, nutrition, reproduction, exercise physiology, and veterinary medicine.