TY - JOUR
T1 - Gross nitrogen transformation rates in soil at a surface coal mine site reclaimed for prime farmland use
AU - Coyne, M. S.
AU - Zhai, Q.
AU - Mackown, C. T.
AU - Barnhisel, R. I.
PY - 1998/8
Y1 - 1998/8
N2 - Organic wastes were used to increase N fertility at a surface mine reclamation site, with the ultimate goal to stimulate microbial activity and improve the reclaimed sows chemical and physical properties. Gross N transformation rates are indicators of microbial activity but are undocumented in such reconstructed ecosystems. We measured gross nitrification, N mineralization and N immobilization in waste-amended and unamended soil using 15N pool dilution techniques. Measurements were made in June, July and November 1993 at the reclamation site in western Kentucky, and compared to net N transformation rates. The premise that organic waste amendment stimulates microbial activity in reclaimed soils was supported by the data. Gross N mineralization, nitrification and immobilization rates were as much as 4.5 times greater in waste-amended soil than unamended soil. Gross N mineralization and nitrification rates and gross NH4/+ and NO3/- immobilization rates were significantly greater than net rates in waste-amended and unamended soil. There was net immobilization of NH4/- and NO3/- in waste-amended soil, whereas there was net N mineralization in unamended soil. This was consistent with using substrates containing high C-to-N ratios. Reclamation practices created soil environments in which gross N transformation rates were of the same magnitude as those measured for less disturbed soil ecosystems.
AB - Organic wastes were used to increase N fertility at a surface mine reclamation site, with the ultimate goal to stimulate microbial activity and improve the reclaimed sows chemical and physical properties. Gross N transformation rates are indicators of microbial activity but are undocumented in such reconstructed ecosystems. We measured gross nitrification, N mineralization and N immobilization in waste-amended and unamended soil using 15N pool dilution techniques. Measurements were made in June, July and November 1993 at the reclamation site in western Kentucky, and compared to net N transformation rates. The premise that organic waste amendment stimulates microbial activity in reclaimed soils was supported by the data. Gross N mineralization, nitrification and immobilization rates were as much as 4.5 times greater in waste-amended soil than unamended soil. Gross N mineralization and nitrification rates and gross NH4/+ and NO3/- immobilization rates were significantly greater than net rates in waste-amended and unamended soil. There was net immobilization of NH4/- and NO3/- in waste-amended soil, whereas there was net N mineralization in unamended soil. This was consistent with using substrates containing high C-to-N ratios. Reclamation practices created soil environments in which gross N transformation rates were of the same magnitude as those measured for less disturbed soil ecosystems.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00202-2
DO - 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00202-2
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0032145969
SN - 0038-0717
VL - 30
SP - 1099
EP - 1106
JO - Soil Biology and Biochemistry
JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry
IS - 8-9
ER -