Abstract
Plants and animals use circadian and photoperiodic timekeeping mechanisms to respond to daily and seasonal changes in light:dark and appropriately coordinate their development. Although the mechanisms that may connect the circadian and photoperiodic clock are still unclear in many species, researchers have been using Nanda-Hamner protocols for decades to elucidate how seasonal time is measured and determine whether seasonal responses have a circadian basis in a given species. In this brief tutorial we describe how to design and interpret the results of Nanda-Hamner experiments, and provide suggestions on how to use both Nanda-Hamner protocols and modern molecular experiments to better understand the mechanisms of seasonal timekeeping.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 221-225 |
Number of pages | 5 |
Journal | Journal of Biological Rhythms |
Volume | 36 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jun 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2021 The Author(s).
Keywords
- Nanda-Hamner protocol
- circadian rhythms
- external coincidence model
- hourglass model
- photoperiodism
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physiology
- Physiology (medical)