TY - JOUR
T1 - Heterologous RNA replication enhancer stimulates in vitro RNA synthesis and template-switching by the carmovirus, but not by the tombusvirus, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
T2 - Implication for modular evolution of RNA viruses
AU - Cheng, Chi Ping
AU - Panavas, Tadas
AU - Luo, Guangxiang
AU - Nagy, Peter D.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Drs. Judit Pogany and Saulius Serva. This work was supported by NIH-NIAID (AI055866-01) and the University of Kentucky.
PY - 2005/10/10
Y1 - 2005/10/10
N2 - The viral RNA plays multiple roles during replication of RNA viruses, serving as a template for complementary RNA synthesis and facilitating the assembly of the viral replicase complex. These roles are coordinated by cis-acting regulatory elements, such as promoters and replication enhancers (REN). To test if these RNA elements can be used by related viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp), we compared the potential stimulatory effects of homologous and heterologous REN elements on complementary RNA synthesis and template-switching by the tombus- (Cucumber necrosis virus, CNV), carmovirus (Turnip crinkle virus, TCV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RdRps in vitro. The CNV RdRp selectively utilized its cognate REN, while discriminating against the heterologous TCV REN. On the contrary, RNA synthesis by the TCV RdRp was stimulated by the TCV REN and the heterologous tombusvirus REN with comparable efficiency. The heterologous REN elements also promoted in vitro template-switching by the TCV and HCV RdRps. Based on these observations, we propose that REN elements could facilitate intervirus recombination and postrecombinational amplification of new recombinant viruses.
AB - The viral RNA plays multiple roles during replication of RNA viruses, serving as a template for complementary RNA synthesis and facilitating the assembly of the viral replicase complex. These roles are coordinated by cis-acting regulatory elements, such as promoters and replication enhancers (REN). To test if these RNA elements can be used by related viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp), we compared the potential stimulatory effects of homologous and heterologous REN elements on complementary RNA synthesis and template-switching by the tombus- (Cucumber necrosis virus, CNV), carmovirus (Turnip crinkle virus, TCV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RdRps in vitro. The CNV RdRp selectively utilized its cognate REN, while discriminating against the heterologous TCV REN. On the contrary, RNA synthesis by the TCV RdRp was stimulated by the TCV REN and the heterologous tombusvirus REN with comparable efficiency. The heterologous REN elements also promoted in vitro template-switching by the TCV and HCV RdRps. Based on these observations, we propose that REN elements could facilitate intervirus recombination and postrecombinational amplification of new recombinant viruses.
KW - In vitro RNA synthesis
KW - Interviral recombination
KW - RNA promoter
KW - RNA replication enhancer
KW - Replication
KW - Template-switching
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U2 - 10.1016/j.virol.2005.06.042
DO - 10.1016/j.virol.2005.06.042
M3 - Article
C2 - 16083933
AN - SCOPUS:25144447230
SN - 0042-6822
VL - 341
SP - 107
EP - 121
JO - Virology
JF - Virology
IS - 1
ER -