HIV-malaria co-infection: Effects of malaria on the prevalence of HIV in East sub-Saharan Africa

Diego F. Cuadros, Adam J. Branscum, Philip H. Crowley

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

53 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: To examine the association between malaria and HIV prevalence in East sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Using large nationally representative samples of 19 735 sexually active adults from the 2003-04HIV/AIDS indicator surveys conducted in Kenya, Malawi and Tanzania, and the atlas malaria project, we analysed the relationship between malaria and HIV prevalence adjusting for important socioeconomic and biological cofactors. Results: In adjusted models, individuals who live in areas with high Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate (PfPR40.42) had increased estimated odds of being HIV positive than individuals who live in areas with low P. falciparum parasite rate (PfPR40.10) [men: estimated odds ratio (OR) 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.62-3.12; women: estimated OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.85-3.21]. Conclusion: This is the first study to report malaria as a risk factor of concurrent HIV infection at the population level. According to our results, individuals who live in areas with high P. falciparum parasite rate have about twice the risk of being HIV positive compared with individuals who live in areas with low P. falciparum parasite rate. Our work emphasizes the need for field studies focused on quantifying the interaction among parasitic infections and risk of HIV infection, and studies to explore the impact of control interventions. Programmes focused on reducing malaria transmission will be important to address, especially in HIV-infected individuals. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association

Original languageEnglish
Article numberdyq256
Pages (from-to)931-939
Number of pages9
JournalInternational Journal of Epidemiology
Volume40
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2011

Keywords

  • Africa
  • Eastern
  • HIV
  • Malaria
  • Plasmodium falciparum

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Epidemiology

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