Host diversity and potential transmission pathways of SARS-CoV-2 at the human-animal interface

Hayden D. Hedman; Eric Krawczyk; Yosra A. Helmy; Lixin Zhang; Csaba Varga

doi:10.3390/pathogens10020180

Host diversity and potential transmission pathways of SARS-CoV-2 at the human-animal interface

Hayden D. Hedman
, Eric Krawczyk
, Yosra A. Helmy
, Lixin Zhang
, Csaba Varga

Veterinary Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

31 Scopus citations

Abstract

Emerging infectious diseases present great risks to public health. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has become an urgent public health issue of global concern. It is speculated that the virus first emerged through a zoonotic spillover. Basic research studies have suggested that bats are likely the ancestral reservoir host. Nonetheless, the evolutionary history and host susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear as a multitude of animals has been proposed as potential intermediate or dead-end hosts. SARS-CoV-2 has been isolated from domestic animals, both companion and livestock, as well as in captive wildlife that were in close contact with human COVID-19 cases. Currently, domestic mink is the only known animal that is susceptible to a natural infection, develop severe illness, and can also transmit SARS-CoV-2 to other minks and humans. To improve foundational knowledge of SARS-CoV-2, we are conducting a synthesis review of its host diversity and transmission pathways. To mitigate this COVID-19 pandemic, we strongly advocate for a systems-oriented scientific approach that comprehensively evaluates the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at the human and animal interface.

Original language	English
Article number	180
Pages (from-to)	1-28
Number of pages	28
Journal	Pathogens
Volume	10
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020180
State	Published - Feb 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Funding: C.V. was supported by a start-up fund of the Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Funding

Funding: C.V. was supported by a start-up fund of the Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Funders
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Keywords

Animals
Coronavirus
COVID-19
Host diversity
Humans
One Health
SARS-CoV-2

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Immunology and Allergy
Molecular Biology
General Immunology and Microbiology
Microbiology (medical)
Infectious Diseases

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.3390/pathogens10020180

Cite this

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abstract = "Emerging infectious diseases present great risks to public health. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has become an urgent public health issue of global concern. It is speculated that the virus first emerged through a zoonotic spillover. Basic research studies have suggested that bats are likely the ancestral reservoir host. Nonetheless, the evolutionary history and host susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear as a multitude of animals has been proposed as potential intermediate or dead-end hosts. SARS-CoV-2 has been isolated from domestic animals, both companion and livestock, as well as in captive wildlife that were in close contact with human COVID-19 cases. Currently, domestic mink is the only known animal that is susceptible to a natural infection, develop severe illness, and can also transmit SARS-CoV-2 to other minks and humans. To improve foundational knowledge of SARS-CoV-2, we are conducting a synthesis review of its host diversity and transmission pathways. To mitigate this COVID-19 pandemic, we strongly advocate for a systems-oriented scientific approach that comprehensively evaluates the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at the human and animal interface.",

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Host diversity and potential transmission pathways of SARS-CoV-2 at the human-animal interface

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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