TY - JOUR
T1 - Implication of DNA Polymerase λ in Alignment-based Gap Filling for Nonhomologous DNA End Joining in Human Nuclear Extracts
AU - Lee, Jae Wan
AU - Blanco, Luis
AU - Zhou, Tong
AU - Garcia-Diaz, Miguel
AU - Bebenek, Katarzyna
AU - Kunkel, Thomas A.
AU - Wang, Zhigang
AU - Povirk, Lawrence F.
PY - 2004/1/2
Y1 - 2004/1/2
N2 - Accurate repair of free radical-mediated DNA double-strand breaks by the nonhomologous end joining pathway requires replacement of fragmented nucleotides in the aligned ends by a gap-filling DNA polymerase. Nuclear extracts of human HeLa cells, supplemented with recombinant XRCC4-DNA ligase IV complex (XRCC4/ligase IV), were capable of accurately rejoining model double-strand break substrates with a 1- or 2-base gap, and the gap-filling step was dependent on XRCC4/ligase IV. To determine what polymerase was responsible for gap filling, end joining was examined in the presence of polyclonal antibodies against each of two prime candidate enzymes, DNA polymerases μ and λ both of which were present in the extracts. For a DNA substrate with partially complementary 3′ overhangs and a 2-base gap, antibodies to polymerase λ completely eliminated both gap filling and accurate end joining, whereas antibodies to polymerase μ had little effect. Immunodepletion of polymerase λ but not polymerase μ likewise blocked both gap filling and end joining, and both functions could be restored by addition of recombinant polymerase λ. Recombinant polymerase μ and a truncated polymerase λ lacking the Brca1 C-terminal domain, were at least 10-fold less active in restoring gap filling to the immunodepleted extracts, and polymerase β was completely inactive. The results suggest that polymerase A is the primary gap-filling polymerase for accurate nonhomologous end joining, and that the Brca1 C-terminal domain is required for this activity.
AB - Accurate repair of free radical-mediated DNA double-strand breaks by the nonhomologous end joining pathway requires replacement of fragmented nucleotides in the aligned ends by a gap-filling DNA polymerase. Nuclear extracts of human HeLa cells, supplemented with recombinant XRCC4-DNA ligase IV complex (XRCC4/ligase IV), were capable of accurately rejoining model double-strand break substrates with a 1- or 2-base gap, and the gap-filling step was dependent on XRCC4/ligase IV. To determine what polymerase was responsible for gap filling, end joining was examined in the presence of polyclonal antibodies against each of two prime candidate enzymes, DNA polymerases μ and λ both of which were present in the extracts. For a DNA substrate with partially complementary 3′ overhangs and a 2-base gap, antibodies to polymerase λ completely eliminated both gap filling and accurate end joining, whereas antibodies to polymerase μ had little effect. Immunodepletion of polymerase λ but not polymerase μ likewise blocked both gap filling and end joining, and both functions could be restored by addition of recombinant polymerase λ. Recombinant polymerase μ and a truncated polymerase λ lacking the Brca1 C-terminal domain, were at least 10-fold less active in restoring gap filling to the immunodepleted extracts, and polymerase β was completely inactive. The results suggest that polymerase A is the primary gap-filling polymerase for accurate nonhomologous end joining, and that the Brca1 C-terminal domain is required for this activity.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0347683431&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0347683431&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1074/jbc.M307913200
DO - 10.1074/jbc.M307913200
M3 - Article
C2 - 14561766
AN - SCOPUS:0347683431
SN - 0021-9258
VL - 279
SP - 805
EP - 811
JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry
IS - 1
ER -