In vivo passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle improve with massage-like loading following eccentric exercise

Caroline Haas; Thomas M. Best; Qian Wang; Timothy A. Butterfield; Yi Zhao

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.08.008

In vivo passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle improve with massage-like loading following eccentric exercise

Caroline Haas, Thomas M. Best, Qian Wang, Timothy A. Butterfield, Yi Zhao

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

33 Scopus citations

Abstract

A quasi-linear viscoelasticity (QLV) model was used to study passive time-dependent responses of skeletal muscle to repeated massage-like compressive loading (MLL) following damaging eccentric exercise. Six skeletally mature rabbits were surgically instrumented with bilateral peroneal nerve cuffs for stimulation of the hindlimb tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Following the eccentric exercise, rabbits were randomly assigned to a four-day MLL protocol mimicking deep effleurage (0.5Hz, 10N for 15min or for 30min). The contralateral hindlimb served as the exercised, no-MLL control for both MLL conditions. Viscoelastic properties of the muscle pre-exercise, post-exercise on Day 1, and pre- and post-MLL Day 1 through Day 4 were determined with ramp-and-hold tests. The instantaneous elastic response (AG₀) increased following exercise (p<0.05) and decreased due to both the 15min and 30min four-day MLL protocols (p<0.05). Post-four days of MLL the normalized AG₀ decreased from post-exercise (Day 1, 248.5%) to the post-MLL (Day 4, 98.5%) (p<0.05), compared to the no-MLL group (Day 4, 222.0%) (p<0.05). Exercise and four-day MLL showed no acute or cumulative effects on the fast and slow relaxation coefficients (p>0.05). This is the first experimental evidence of the effect of both acute (daily) and cumulative changes in viscoelastic properties of intensely exercised muscle due to ex vivo MLL. It provides a starting point for correlating passive muscle properties with mechanical effects of manual therapies, and may shed light on design and optimization of massage protocols.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2630-2636
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of Biomechanics
Volume	45
Issue number	15
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.08.008
State	Published - Oct 11 2012

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine of the National Institutes of Health under Award number R01AT004922 and start-up funds provided by the Department of Biomedical Engineering (YZ) . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Keywords

Compressive loading
Manual therapy
Skeletal muscle
Viscoelasticity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Biophysics
Rehabilitation
Biomedical Engineering
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

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10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.08.008

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title = "In vivo passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle improve with massage-like loading following eccentric exercise",

abstract = "A quasi-linear viscoelasticity (QLV) model was used to study passive time-dependent responses of skeletal muscle to repeated massage-like compressive loading (MLL) following damaging eccentric exercise. Six skeletally mature rabbits were surgically instrumented with bilateral peroneal nerve cuffs for stimulation of the hindlimb tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Following the eccentric exercise, rabbits were randomly assigned to a four-day MLL protocol mimicking deep effleurage (0.5Hz, 10N for 15min or for 30min). The contralateral hindlimb served as the exercised, no-MLL control for both MLL conditions. Viscoelastic properties of the muscle pre-exercise, post-exercise on Day 1, and pre- and post-MLL Day 1 through Day 4 were determined with ramp-and-hold tests. The instantaneous elastic response (AG0) increased following exercise (p<0.05) and decreased due to both the 15min and 30min four-day MLL protocols (p<0.05). Post-four days of MLL the normalized AG0 decreased from post-exercise (Day 1, 248.5%) to the post-MLL (Day 4, 98.5%) (p<0.05), compared to the no-MLL group (Day 4, 222.0%) (p<0.05). Exercise and four-day MLL showed no acute or cumulative effects on the fast and slow relaxation coefficients (p>0.05). This is the first experimental evidence of the effect of both acute (daily) and cumulative changes in viscoelastic properties of intensely exercised muscle due to ex vivo MLL. It provides a starting point for correlating passive muscle properties with mechanical effects of manual therapies, and may shed light on design and optimization of massage protocols.",

keywords = "Compressive loading, Manual therapy, Skeletal muscle, Viscoelasticity",

author = "Caroline Haas and Best, {Thomas M.} and Qian Wang and Butterfield, {Timothy A.} and Yi Zhao",

note = "Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine of the National Institutes of Health under Award number R01AT004922 and start-up funds provided by the Department of Biomedical Engineering (YZ) . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.",

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AU - Haas, Caroline

AU - Best, Thomas M.

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AU - Butterfield, Timothy A.

AU - Zhao, Yi

N1 - Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine of the National Institutes of Health under Award number R01AT004922 and start-up funds provided by the Department of Biomedical Engineering (YZ) . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

PY - 2012/10/11

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N2 - A quasi-linear viscoelasticity (QLV) model was used to study passive time-dependent responses of skeletal muscle to repeated massage-like compressive loading (MLL) following damaging eccentric exercise. Six skeletally mature rabbits were surgically instrumented with bilateral peroneal nerve cuffs for stimulation of the hindlimb tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Following the eccentric exercise, rabbits were randomly assigned to a four-day MLL protocol mimicking deep effleurage (0.5Hz, 10N for 15min or for 30min). The contralateral hindlimb served as the exercised, no-MLL control for both MLL conditions. Viscoelastic properties of the muscle pre-exercise, post-exercise on Day 1, and pre- and post-MLL Day 1 through Day 4 were determined with ramp-and-hold tests. The instantaneous elastic response (AG0) increased following exercise (p<0.05) and decreased due to both the 15min and 30min four-day MLL protocols (p<0.05). Post-four days of MLL the normalized AG0 decreased from post-exercise (Day 1, 248.5%) to the post-MLL (Day 4, 98.5%) (p<0.05), compared to the no-MLL group (Day 4, 222.0%) (p<0.05). Exercise and four-day MLL showed no acute or cumulative effects on the fast and slow relaxation coefficients (p>0.05). This is the first experimental evidence of the effect of both acute (daily) and cumulative changes in viscoelastic properties of intensely exercised muscle due to ex vivo MLL. It provides a starting point for correlating passive muscle properties with mechanical effects of manual therapies, and may shed light on design and optimization of massage protocols.

AB - A quasi-linear viscoelasticity (QLV) model was used to study passive time-dependent responses of skeletal muscle to repeated massage-like compressive loading (MLL) following damaging eccentric exercise. Six skeletally mature rabbits were surgically instrumented with bilateral peroneal nerve cuffs for stimulation of the hindlimb tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Following the eccentric exercise, rabbits were randomly assigned to a four-day MLL protocol mimicking deep effleurage (0.5Hz, 10N for 15min or for 30min). The contralateral hindlimb served as the exercised, no-MLL control for both MLL conditions. Viscoelastic properties of the muscle pre-exercise, post-exercise on Day 1, and pre- and post-MLL Day 1 through Day 4 were determined with ramp-and-hold tests. The instantaneous elastic response (AG0) increased following exercise (p<0.05) and decreased due to both the 15min and 30min four-day MLL protocols (p<0.05). Post-four days of MLL the normalized AG0 decreased from post-exercise (Day 1, 248.5%) to the post-MLL (Day 4, 98.5%) (p<0.05), compared to the no-MLL group (Day 4, 222.0%) (p<0.05). Exercise and four-day MLL showed no acute or cumulative effects on the fast and slow relaxation coefficients (p>0.05). This is the first experimental evidence of the effect of both acute (daily) and cumulative changes in viscoelastic properties of intensely exercised muscle due to ex vivo MLL. It provides a starting point for correlating passive muscle properties with mechanical effects of manual therapies, and may shed light on design and optimization of massage protocols.

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KW - Viscoelasticity

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In vivo passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle improve with massage-like loading following eccentric exercise

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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