Increased Social Interactions Reduce the Association Between Constricted Life-Space and Lower Daily Happiness in Older Adults With and Without HIV: A GPS and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Lily Kamalyan; Jiue An Yang; Caitlin N. Pope; Emily W. Paolillo; Laura M. Campbell; Bin Tang; María J. Marquine; Colin A. Depp; Raeanne C. Moore

doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.11.005

Increased Social Interactions Reduce the Association Between Constricted Life-Space and Lower Daily Happiness in Older Adults With and Without HIV: A GPS and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Lily Kamalyan, Jiue An Yang, Caitlin N. Pope, Emily W. Paolillo, Laura M. Campbell, Bin Tang, María J. Marquine, Colin A. Depp, Raeanne C. Moore

Health, Behavior, and Society

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: Older persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) are particularly susceptible to life-space restrictions. The aims of this study included: 1) using global positioning system (GPS) derived indicators as an assessment of time spent at home among older adults with and without HIV; 2) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine real-time relationships between life-space, mood (happiness, sadness, anxious), fatigue, and pain; and 3) determining if number of daily social interactions moderated the effect of life-space on mood. Methods: Eighty-eight older adults (PWH n = 54, HIV-negative n = 34) completed smartphone-based EMA surveys assessing mood, fatigue, pain, and social interactions four times per day for two weeks. Participants’ smartphones were GPS enabled throughout the study. Mixed-effects regression models analyzed concurrent and lagged associations among life-space and behavioral indicators of health. Results: PWH spent more of their time at home (79% versus 70%, z = −2.08; p = 0.04) and reported lower mean happiness (3.2 versus 3.7; z = 2.63; p = 0.007) compared to HIV-negative participants. Controlling for covariates, more daily social interactions were associated with higher ratings of real-time happiness (b = 0.12; t = 5.61; df = 1087.9; p< 0.001). Similar findings were seen in lagged analyses: prior day social interactions (b = 0.15; t = 7.3; df = 1024.9; p < 0.0001) and HIV status (b = −0.48; t = −2.56; df = 1026.8; p = 0.01) attenuated the effect of prior day time spent at home on happiness. Conclusion: Accounting for engagement in social interactions reduced the significant effect of time spent at home and lower happiness. Interventions targeting social isolation within the context of constricted life-space may be beneficial for increasing positive mood in older adults, and especially relevant to older PWH.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	867-879
Number of pages	13
Journal	American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
Volume	29
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.11.005
State	Published - Aug 2021

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

Funding

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health : NIMH K23 MH107260 and NIMH K23MH107260 S1 to R.C.M., NIMH P30MH62512 (The HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center [HNRC] ), NIA R01AG062387 to R.C.M., NIMH R01116902 to C.A.D, NIMH R21MH116104 to R.C.M., NIDA T32DA031098 to L.M.C., NIAAA F31AA027198 to E.W.P., NIAAA T32AA013525 to L.K. and R25MH108389 to C.N.P. R.C.M. is a co-founder of KeyWise, Inc. and a consultant for NeuroUX. The terms of these arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the UCSD in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. For the remaining authors no conflicts of interest were declared.

Funders	Funder number
HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center
HNRC
KeyWise, Inc.
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
National Institute of Mental Health	R25MH108389, P30MH62512, K23MH107260, R21MH116104
National Institute on Drug Abuse	T32DA031098
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism	F31AA027198, T32AA013525
National Institute on Aging	R01AG062387, R01116902

Keywords

Remote assessment
aging
isolation
mobile health
mood
well-being

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Geriatrics and Gerontology
Psychiatry and Mental health

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jagp.2020.11.005

Cite this

Kamalyan, L., Yang, J. A., Pope, C. N., Paolillo, E. W., Campbell, L. M., Tang, B., Marquine, M. J., Depp, C. A., & Moore, R. C. (2021). Increased Social Interactions Reduce the Association Between Constricted Life-Space and Lower Daily Happiness in Older Adults With and Without HIV: A GPS and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(8), 867-879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.11.005

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title = "Increased Social Interactions Reduce the Association Between Constricted Life-Space and Lower Daily Happiness in Older Adults With and Without HIV: A GPS and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study",

abstract = "Objective: Older persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) are particularly susceptible to life-space restrictions. The aims of this study included: 1) using global positioning system (GPS) derived indicators as an assessment of time spent at home among older adults with and without HIV; 2) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine real-time relationships between life-space, mood (happiness, sadness, anxious), fatigue, and pain; and 3) determining if number of daily social interactions moderated the effect of life-space on mood. Methods: Eighty-eight older adults (PWH n = 54, HIV-negative n = 34) completed smartphone-based EMA surveys assessing mood, fatigue, pain, and social interactions four times per day for two weeks. Participants{\textquoteright} smartphones were GPS enabled throughout the study. Mixed-effects regression models analyzed concurrent and lagged associations among life-space and behavioral indicators of health. Results: PWH spent more of their time at home (79% versus 70%, z = −2.08; p = 0.04) and reported lower mean happiness (3.2 versus 3.7; z = 2.63; p = 0.007) compared to HIV-negative participants. Controlling for covariates, more daily social interactions were associated with higher ratings of real-time happiness (b = 0.12; t = 5.61; df = 1087.9; p< 0.001). Similar findings were seen in lagged analyses: prior day social interactions (b = 0.15; t = 7.3; df = 1024.9; p < 0.0001) and HIV status (b = −0.48; t = −2.56; df = 1026.8; p = 0.01) attenuated the effect of prior day time spent at home on happiness. Conclusion: Accounting for engagement in social interactions reduced the significant effect of time spent at home and lower happiness. Interventions targeting social isolation within the context of constricted life-space may be beneficial for increasing positive mood in older adults, and especially relevant to older PWH.",

keywords = "Remote assessment, aging, isolation, mobile health, mood, well-being",

author = "Lily Kamalyan and Yang, {Jiue An} and Pope, {Caitlin N.} and Paolillo, {Emily W.} and Campbell, {Laura M.} and Bin Tang and Marquine, {Mar{\'i}a J.} and Depp, {Colin A.} and Moore, {Raeanne C.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry",

year = "2021",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/j.jagp.2020.11.005",

language = "English",

volume = "29",

pages = "867--879",

number = "8",

}

Kamalyan, L, Yang, JA, Pope, CN, Paolillo, EW, Campbell, LM, Tang, B, Marquine, MJ, Depp, CA & Moore, RC 2021, 'Increased Social Interactions Reduce the Association Between Constricted Life-Space and Lower Daily Happiness in Older Adults With and Without HIV: A GPS and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study', American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 867-879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.11.005

Increased Social Interactions Reduce the Association Between Constricted Life-Space and Lower Daily Happiness in Older Adults With and Without HIV: A GPS and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. / Kamalyan, Lily; Yang, Jiue An; Pope, Caitlin N. et al.
In: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Vol. 29, No. 8, 08.2021, p. 867-879.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Increased Social Interactions Reduce the Association Between Constricted Life-Space and Lower Daily Happiness in Older Adults With and Without HIV

T2 - A GPS and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

AU - Kamalyan, Lily

AU - Yang, Jiue An

AU - Pope, Caitlin N.

AU - Paolillo, Emily W.

AU - Campbell, Laura M.

AU - Tang, Bin

AU - Marquine, María J.

AU - Depp, Colin A.

AU - Moore, Raeanne C.

PY - 2021/8

Y1 - 2021/8

N2 - Objective: Older persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) are particularly susceptible to life-space restrictions. The aims of this study included: 1) using global positioning system (GPS) derived indicators as an assessment of time spent at home among older adults with and without HIV; 2) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine real-time relationships between life-space, mood (happiness, sadness, anxious), fatigue, and pain; and 3) determining if number of daily social interactions moderated the effect of life-space on mood. Methods: Eighty-eight older adults (PWH n = 54, HIV-negative n = 34) completed smartphone-based EMA surveys assessing mood, fatigue, pain, and social interactions four times per day for two weeks. Participants’ smartphones were GPS enabled throughout the study. Mixed-effects regression models analyzed concurrent and lagged associations among life-space and behavioral indicators of health. Results: PWH spent more of their time at home (79% versus 70%, z = −2.08; p = 0.04) and reported lower mean happiness (3.2 versus 3.7; z = 2.63; p = 0.007) compared to HIV-negative participants. Controlling for covariates, more daily social interactions were associated with higher ratings of real-time happiness (b = 0.12; t = 5.61; df = 1087.9; p< 0.001). Similar findings were seen in lagged analyses: prior day social interactions (b = 0.15; t = 7.3; df = 1024.9; p < 0.0001) and HIV status (b = −0.48; t = −2.56; df = 1026.8; p = 0.01) attenuated the effect of prior day time spent at home on happiness. Conclusion: Accounting for engagement in social interactions reduced the significant effect of time spent at home and lower happiness. Interventions targeting social isolation within the context of constricted life-space may be beneficial for increasing positive mood in older adults, and especially relevant to older PWH.

AB - Objective: Older persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) are particularly susceptible to life-space restrictions. The aims of this study included: 1) using global positioning system (GPS) derived indicators as an assessment of time spent at home among older adults with and without HIV; 2) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine real-time relationships between life-space, mood (happiness, sadness, anxious), fatigue, and pain; and 3) determining if number of daily social interactions moderated the effect of life-space on mood. Methods: Eighty-eight older adults (PWH n = 54, HIV-negative n = 34) completed smartphone-based EMA surveys assessing mood, fatigue, pain, and social interactions four times per day for two weeks. Participants’ smartphones were GPS enabled throughout the study. Mixed-effects regression models analyzed concurrent and lagged associations among life-space and behavioral indicators of health. Results: PWH spent more of their time at home (79% versus 70%, z = −2.08; p = 0.04) and reported lower mean happiness (3.2 versus 3.7; z = 2.63; p = 0.007) compared to HIV-negative participants. Controlling for covariates, more daily social interactions were associated with higher ratings of real-time happiness (b = 0.12; t = 5.61; df = 1087.9; p< 0.001). Similar findings were seen in lagged analyses: prior day social interactions (b = 0.15; t = 7.3; df = 1024.9; p < 0.0001) and HIV status (b = −0.48; t = −2.56; df = 1026.8; p = 0.01) attenuated the effect of prior day time spent at home on happiness. Conclusion: Accounting for engagement in social interactions reduced the significant effect of time spent at home and lower happiness. Interventions targeting social isolation within the context of constricted life-space may be beneficial for increasing positive mood in older adults, and especially relevant to older PWH.

KW - Remote assessment

KW - aging

KW - isolation

KW - mobile health

KW - mood

KW - well-being

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SN - 1064-7481

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JO - American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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ER -

Increased Social Interactions Reduce the Association Between Constricted Life-Space and Lower Daily Happiness in Older Adults With and Without HIV: A GPS and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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