TY - JOUR
T1 - Indoor and outdoor particulate matter and endotoxin concentrations in an intensely agricultural county
AU - Pavilonis, Brian T.
AU - Anthony, T. Renee
AU - O'Shaughnessy, Patrick T.
AU - Humann, Michael J.
AU - Merchant, James A.
AU - Moore, Genna
AU - Thorne, Peter S.
AU - Weisel, Clifford P.
AU - Sanderson, Wayne T.
PY - 2013/5
Y1 - 2013/5
N2 - The objectives of this study were to characterize rural populations' indoor and outdoor exposure to particulate matter (PM) 10, PM 2.5, and endotoxin and identify factors that influence these concentrations. Samples were collected at 197 rural households over five continuous days between 2007 and 2011. Geometric mean (GM) indoor PM 10 (21.2 μg/m 3) and PM 2.5 (12.2 μg/m 3) concentrations tended to be larger than outdoor PM 10 (19.6 μg/m 3) and PM 2.5 (8.2 μg/m 3) concentrations (PM 10 P=0.086; PM 2.5 P<0.001). Conversely, GM outdoor endotoxin concentrations (1.93 EU/m -3) were significantly larger than indoor (0.32 EU/m 3; P<0.001). Compared with measurements from previous urban studies, indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 in the study area tended to be smaller, whereas ambient endotoxin concentrations measured outside rural households were 3-10 times larger. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, seasonality did not have a significant effect on mean ambient PM 10 concentrations; however, endotoxin concentrations in the autumn were almost seven times larger than winter. Excluding home cleanliness, the majority of agricultural and housing characteristics evaluated were found to be poorly associated with indoor and outdoor particulate and endotoxin concentrations.
AB - The objectives of this study were to characterize rural populations' indoor and outdoor exposure to particulate matter (PM) 10, PM 2.5, and endotoxin and identify factors that influence these concentrations. Samples were collected at 197 rural households over five continuous days between 2007 and 2011. Geometric mean (GM) indoor PM 10 (21.2 μg/m 3) and PM 2.5 (12.2 μg/m 3) concentrations tended to be larger than outdoor PM 10 (19.6 μg/m 3) and PM 2.5 (8.2 μg/m 3) concentrations (PM 10 P=0.086; PM 2.5 P<0.001). Conversely, GM outdoor endotoxin concentrations (1.93 EU/m -3) were significantly larger than indoor (0.32 EU/m 3; P<0.001). Compared with measurements from previous urban studies, indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 in the study area tended to be smaller, whereas ambient endotoxin concentrations measured outside rural households were 3-10 times larger. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, seasonality did not have a significant effect on mean ambient PM 10 concentrations; however, endotoxin concentrations in the autumn were almost seven times larger than winter. Excluding home cleanliness, the majority of agricultural and housing characteristics evaluated were found to be poorly associated with indoor and outdoor particulate and endotoxin concentrations.
KW - endotoxin
KW - particulate matter
KW - rural air quality
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84876762470&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1038/jes.2012.123
DO - 10.1038/jes.2012.123
M3 - Article
C2 - 23321860
AN - SCOPUS:84876762470
SN - 1559-0631
VL - 23
SP - 299
EP - 305
JO - Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology
JF - Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology
IS - 3
ER -