Induction of dolichyl-saccharide intermediate biosynthesis corresponds to increased long chain cis-isoprenyltransferase activity during the mitogenic response in mouse B cells

There are large increases in the rates of Glc₃-Man₉GlcNAc₂-P-P-Dol (Oligo-P-P-Dol) biosynthesis and protein N-glycosylation during the proliferative response of murine B lymphocytes (B cells) to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To learn more about the regulation of dolichyl- saccharide biosynthesis, the possible relationships between developmental changes in specific steps in dolichyl phosphate (Dol-P) and N-acetyl- glucosaminylpyrophosphoryldolichol (GlcNac-P-P-Dol) biosynthesis and the induction of Oligo-P-P-Dol biosynthesis were investigated. These studies describe an impressive induction of long chain cis-isoprenyltransferase (cis- IPTase) activity, an enzyme system required for the chain elongation stage in de novo Dol-P synthesis, which corresponded to the striking increase in the rate of Oligo-P-P-Dol biosynthesis in LPS-activated B cells. The cellular level and specific activity of cis-IPTase increase 15-fold in LPS-treated cells with relatively unaltered affinity for isopentenyl pyrophosphate. The rates of Dol-P and Oligo-P-P-Dol synthesis increased substantially when cis- IPTase activity was induced, suggesting a regulatory relationship between the level of cis-IPTase activity and lipid intermediate synthesis. Distinctly different development patterns were observed for cis-IPTase and HMG-CoA reductase activity, and when sterol biosynthesis was drastically inhibited by lovastatin, the rate of synthesis of Dol-P was slightly higher in the presence of the drug. Modest elevations in the cellular levels of dolichol kinase, Dol-P phosphatase, and UDP-GIcNAc:Dol-P N- acetylglucosaminylphosphoryltransferase (L-GIPT) activities were also observed, but these changes were relatively small compared with the increases in cis-IPTase activity and the rates of Dol-P, GlcNac-P-P-Dol, and Oligo-P- P-Dol synthesis. The expression of the L-GIPT gene is an early event in the developmental program for Oligo-P-P-Dol synthesis, but GlcNAc-P-P-Dol formation is apparently not rate-limiting. In summary, large increases in cis-IPTase activity and the rate of Dol-P biosynthesis appear to play a key regulatory role in the induction of Oligo-P-P-Dol biosynthesis during the proliferative response of B cells to LPS, and the biosynthetic pathways for Dol-P and cholesterol are regulated independently in dividing B cells.