Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations

Charles E. Romero; Massimo Gaspari; Gerrit Schellenberger; Tanay Bhandarkar; Mark Devlin; Simon R. Dicker; William Forman; Rishi Khatri; Ralph Kraft; Luca Di Mascolo; Brian S. Mason; Emily Moravec; Tony Mroczkowski; Paul Nulsen; John Orlowski-Scherer; Karen Perez Sarmiento; Craig Sarazin; Jonathan Sievers; Yuanyuan Su

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acd3f0

Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations

Charles E. Romero, Massimo Gaspari, Gerrit Schellenberger, Tanay Bhandarkar, Mark Devlin, Simon R. Dicker, William Forman, Rishi Khatri, Ralph Kraft, Luca Di Mascolo, Brian S. Mason, Emily Moravec, Tony Mroczkowski, Paul Nulsen, John Orlowski-Scherer, Karen Perez Sarmiento, Craig Sarazin, Jonathan Sievers, Yuanyuan Su

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

The galaxy cluster Zwicky 3146 is a sloshing cool-core cluster at z = 0.291 that in Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) imaging does not appear to exhibit significant pressure substructure in the intracluster medium. We perform a surface brightness fluctuation analysis via Fourier amplitude spectra on SZ (MUSTANG-2) and X-ray (XMM-Newton) images of this cluster. These surface brightness fluctuations can be deprojected to infer pressure and density fluctuations from the SZ and X-ray data, respectively. In the central region (Ring 1, r < 100″ = 440 kpc, in our analysis), we find fluctuation spectra that suggest injection scales around 200 kpc (∼140 kpc from pressure fluctuations and ∼250 kpc from density fluctuations). When comparing the pressure and density fluctuations in the central region, we observe a change in the effective thermodynamic state from large to small scales, from isobaric (likely due to the slow sloshing) to adiabatic (due to more vigorous motions). By leveraging scalings from hydrodynamical simulations, we find an average 3D Mach number ≈0.5. We further compare our results to other studies of Zwicky 3146 and, more broadly, to other studies of fluctuations in other clusters.

Original language	English
Article number	41
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	951
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd3f0
State	Published - Jul 1 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Funding

C.R. is supported by NASA ADAP grant No. 80NSSC19K0574 and Chandra No. grant G08-19117X. C.S. is supported in part by Chandra grant No. GO7-18122X/GO8-19106X and XMM-Newton grant No. NNX17AC69G/80NSSC18K0488. M.G. acknowledges partial support by HST GO-15890.020/023-A, the BlackHoleWeather program, and NASA HEC Pleiades (SMD-1726). R.K. acknowledges support by Max Planck Gesellschaft for Max Planck Partner Group on cosmology with MPA Garching at TIFR and Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, under Project Identification No. RTI 4002. W.F. acknowledges support from the Smithsonian Institution, the Chandra High Resolution Camera Project through NASA contract NAS8-03060, and NASA grant Nos. 80NSSC19K0116, GO1-22132X, and GO9-20109X. L.D.M. is supported by the ERC-StG “ClustersXCosmo” grant agreement 716762 and acknowledges financial contribution from the agreement ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.0. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. GBT data were taken under the project ID AGBT18A_175. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for providing helpful and valuable comments.

Funders	Funder number
Chandra High Resolution Camera Project	GO1-22132X, NAS8-03060, GO9-20109X, 80NSSC19K0116
ERC-STG	716762
HST/STScI	SMD-1726, GO-15890.020/023-A
Smithsonian Institution
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	G08-19117X, GO7-18122X/GO8-19106X, 80NSSC19K0574, NNX17AC69G/80NSSC18K0488
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai
Government of India, Department of Atomic Energy	RTI 4002
Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Access to Document

10.3847/1538-4357/acd3f0

Cite this

Romero, C. E., Gaspari, M., Schellenberger, G., Bhandarkar, T., Devlin, M., Dicker, S. R., Forman, W., Khatri, R., Kraft, R., Di Mascolo, L., Mason, B. S., Moravec, E., Mroczkowski, T., Nulsen, P., Orlowski-Scherer, J., Sarmiento, K. P., Sarazin, C., Sievers, J., & Su, Y. (2023). Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations. Astrophysical Journal, 951(1), Article 41. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd3f0

@article{22f9b119dce248f1902a974a276c1738,

title = "Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev-Zel{\textquoteright}dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations",

abstract = "The galaxy cluster Zwicky 3146 is a sloshing cool-core cluster at z = 0.291 that in Sunyaev-Zel{\textquoteright}dovich (SZ) imaging does not appear to exhibit significant pressure substructure in the intracluster medium. We perform a surface brightness fluctuation analysis via Fourier amplitude spectra on SZ (MUSTANG-2) and X-ray (XMM-Newton) images of this cluster. These surface brightness fluctuations can be deprojected to infer pressure and density fluctuations from the SZ and X-ray data, respectively. In the central region (Ring 1, r < 100″ = 440 kpc, in our analysis), we find fluctuation spectra that suggest injection scales around 200 kpc (∼140 kpc from pressure fluctuations and ∼250 kpc from density fluctuations). When comparing the pressure and density fluctuations in the central region, we observe a change in the effective thermodynamic state from large to small scales, from isobaric (likely due to the slow sloshing) to adiabatic (due to more vigorous motions). By leveraging scalings from hydrodynamical simulations, we find an average 3D Mach number ≈0.5. We further compare our results to other studies of Zwicky 3146 and, more broadly, to other studies of fluctuations in other clusters.",

author = "Romero, {Charles E.} and Massimo Gaspari and Gerrit Schellenberger and Tanay Bhandarkar and Mark Devlin and Dicker, {Simon R.} and William Forman and Rishi Khatri and Ralph Kraft and {Di Mascolo}, Luca and Mason, {Brian S.} and Emily Moravec and Tony Mroczkowski and Paul Nulsen and John Orlowski-Scherer and Sarmiento, {Karen Perez} and Craig Sarazin and Jonathan Sievers and Yuanyuan Su",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2023",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/acd3f0",

language = "English",

volume = "951",

number = "1",

}

Romero, CE, Gaspari, M, Schellenberger, G, Bhandarkar, T, Devlin, M, Dicker, SR, Forman, W, Khatri, R, Kraft, R, Di Mascolo, L, Mason, BS, Moravec, E, Mroczkowski, T, Nulsen, P, Orlowski-Scherer, J, Sarmiento, KP, Sarazin, C, Sievers, J & Su, Y 2023, 'Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 951, no. 1, 41. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd3f0

TY - JOUR

T1 - Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations

AU - Romero, Charles E.

AU - Gaspari, Massimo

AU - Schellenberger, Gerrit

AU - Bhandarkar, Tanay

AU - Devlin, Mark

AU - Dicker, Simon R.

AU - Forman, William

AU - Khatri, Rishi

AU - Kraft, Ralph

AU - Di Mascolo, Luca

AU - Mason, Brian S.

AU - Moravec, Emily

AU - Mroczkowski, Tony

AU - Nulsen, Paul

AU - Orlowski-Scherer, John

AU - Sarmiento, Karen Perez

AU - Sarazin, Craig

AU - Sievers, Jonathan

AU - Su, Yuanyuan

PY - 2023/7/1

Y1 - 2023/7/1

N2 - The galaxy cluster Zwicky 3146 is a sloshing cool-core cluster at z = 0.291 that in Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) imaging does not appear to exhibit significant pressure substructure in the intracluster medium. We perform a surface brightness fluctuation analysis via Fourier amplitude spectra on SZ (MUSTANG-2) and X-ray (XMM-Newton) images of this cluster. These surface brightness fluctuations can be deprojected to infer pressure and density fluctuations from the SZ and X-ray data, respectively. In the central region (Ring 1, r < 100″ = 440 kpc, in our analysis), we find fluctuation spectra that suggest injection scales around 200 kpc (∼140 kpc from pressure fluctuations and ∼250 kpc from density fluctuations). When comparing the pressure and density fluctuations in the central region, we observe a change in the effective thermodynamic state from large to small scales, from isobaric (likely due to the slow sloshing) to adiabatic (due to more vigorous motions). By leveraging scalings from hydrodynamical simulations, we find an average 3D Mach number ≈0.5. We further compare our results to other studies of Zwicky 3146 and, more broadly, to other studies of fluctuations in other clusters.

AB - The galaxy cluster Zwicky 3146 is a sloshing cool-core cluster at z = 0.291 that in Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) imaging does not appear to exhibit significant pressure substructure in the intracluster medium. We perform a surface brightness fluctuation analysis via Fourier amplitude spectra on SZ (MUSTANG-2) and X-ray (XMM-Newton) images of this cluster. These surface brightness fluctuations can be deprojected to infer pressure and density fluctuations from the SZ and X-ray data, respectively. In the central region (Ring 1, r < 100″ = 440 kpc, in our analysis), we find fluctuation spectra that suggest injection scales around 200 kpc (∼140 kpc from pressure fluctuations and ∼250 kpc from density fluctuations). When comparing the pressure and density fluctuations in the central region, we observe a change in the effective thermodynamic state from large to small scales, from isobaric (likely due to the slow sloshing) to adiabatic (due to more vigorous motions). By leveraging scalings from hydrodynamical simulations, we find an average 3D Mach number ≈0.5. We further compare our results to other studies of Zwicky 3146 and, more broadly, to other studies of fluctuations in other clusters.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85164313028&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85164313028&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/acd3f0

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/acd3f0

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85164313028

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 951

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 41

ER -

Inferences from Surface Brightness Fluctuations of Zwicky 3146 via the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect and X-Ray Observations

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this