Influence of Pregnancy Intention on Postpartum Contraceptive Choice at an Urban Academic Medical Center

Objective This study aimed to describe postpartum contraception preferences in the context of pregnancy intention (PI). Study Design A prospective cohort study analyzing postpartum contraceptive choice (PCC) in 431 postpartum women who delivered at a single academic medical center. PCC in women with an unintended or mistimed pregnancy was compared to contraceptive choice in women with an intended pregnancy using the adapted National Survey of Family Growth categorization. Mistimed and unintended pregnancies were grouped for analysis. Generalized linear modeling estimated the relative influence of PI on PCC adjusting for maternal age, race, and parity. Results Nearly three out of four (71.9%) pregnancies were mistimed or unintended. These pregnancies were more likely in women who were non-Hispanic Black (62.3%), unmarried (86.3%), 18 to 24 years (51.3%), and insured by Medicaid or Medicare (82.1%), compared to women with an intended pregnancy, p-value <0.001. Women with mistimed or unintended pregnancy were 83% more likely to choose highly effective, user-independent methods compared to any other or no method, adjusted relative risk (aRR) ¼ 1.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36, 2.47), and more likely to desire voluntary sterilization, aRR ¼ 2.70 (95% CI: 1.58, 4.59). Additionally, women with these pregnancies were 56% more likely to use user-independent methods compared to user-dependent methods, aRR ¼ 1.56 (95% CI: 1.18, 2.06). Conclusion Women with mistimed or unintended pregnancies are 83% more likely to choose highly effective postpartum contraception or voluntary sterilization, and thus initiatives are necessary to increase access and affordability to these methods before hospital discharge after delivery.