TY - JOUR
T1 - Influenza D virus
T2 - Serological evidence in the Italian population from 2005 to 2017
AU - Trombetta, Claudia M.
AU - Marchi, Serena
AU - Manini, Ilaria
AU - Kistner, Otfried
AU - Li, Feng
AU - Piu, Pietro
AU - Manenti, Alessandro
AU - Biuso, Fabrizio
AU - Sreenivasan, Chithra
AU - Druce, Julian
AU - Montomoli, Emanuele
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors.
PY - 2019/12/27
Y1 - 2019/12/27
N2 - Influenza D virus is a novel influenza virus, which was first isolated from an ailing swine in 2011 and later detected in cattle, suggesting that these animals may be a primary natural reservoir. To date, few studies have been performed on human samples and there is no conclusive evidence on the ability of the virus to infect humans. The aim of this serological study was to assess the prevalence of antibodies against influenza D virus in human serum samples collected in Italy from 2005 to 2017. Serum samples were analysed by haemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization assays. The results showed that the prevalence of antibodies against the virus increased in the human population in Italy from 2005 to 2017, with a trend characterized by a sharp increase in some years, followed by a decline in subsequent years. The virus showed the ability to infect and elicit an immune response in humans. However, prevalence peaks in humans appear to follow epidemics in animals and not to persist in the human population.
AB - Influenza D virus is a novel influenza virus, which was first isolated from an ailing swine in 2011 and later detected in cattle, suggesting that these animals may be a primary natural reservoir. To date, few studies have been performed on human samples and there is no conclusive evidence on the ability of the virus to infect humans. The aim of this serological study was to assess the prevalence of antibodies against influenza D virus in human serum samples collected in Italy from 2005 to 2017. Serum samples were analysed by haemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization assays. The results showed that the prevalence of antibodies against the virus increased in the human population in Italy from 2005 to 2017, with a trend characterized by a sharp increase in some years, followed by a decline in subsequent years. The virus showed the ability to infect and elicit an immune response in humans. However, prevalence peaks in humans appear to follow epidemics in animals and not to persist in the human population.
KW - Humans
KW - Influenza D virus
KW - Italy
KW - Seroprevalence
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U2 - 10.3390/v12010030
DO - 10.3390/v12010030
M3 - Article
C2 - 31892120
AN - SCOPUS:85077473532
SN - 1999-4915
VL - 12
JO - Viruses
JF - Viruses
IS - 1
M1 - 30
ER -
