Informal (Field-Based) Learning

Most learning in the workplace occurs outside of formal learning environments mdash it happens informally, quot in the field. quot In this review, we share what is known about how such informal field-based learning (IFBL) works, offer guidance on how to promote healthy IFBL, and identify future research needs. We first situate IFBL within the broader stream of the learning literature. On the basis of the literature and organizational needs, we propose a CAM-OS framework that emphasizes five personal and situational readiness factors for enabling constructive IFBL: Capability, Awareness, Motivation, Opportunity, and Support. We use the framework to offer practical, evidence-based advice for each of three stakeholder groups mdash senior leaders, managers, and employees mdash and conclude with suggested avenues for future research. The review is grounded in the research literature with an emphasis on implications for practice.