Integrated pest management: State infrastructure status after 50 yr of Federal support (1973 to 2023)

Daren S. Mueller; Laura C. Iles; Carol L. Pilcher; Adam J. Sisson; Roger Magarey; Ryan Adams; Wanda I. Almodovar; Diane Alston; Patrick Beauzay; Ricardo Bessin; Mandy Bish; Mary Burrows; Alejandro Calixto; Rakesh Chandran; Jed B. Colquhoun; Mary Concklin; Amy J. Dreves; Peter C. Ellsworth; Paul D. Esker; James J. Farrar; Alfred Fournier; Daniel Frank; Kelly Hamby; George Hamilton; Anthony Hanson; Ann Hazelrigg; Natalie Hein-Ferris; David Held; James Jasinski; Heather M. Kelly; David Kerns; Miranda Kersten; Lauren Kerzicnik; Janet Knodel; Glen Koehler; Heidi Kratsch; Christian H. Krupke; Norman C. Leppla; Erin Lizotte; Casey Matney; Rebecca A. Melanson; Frannie Miller; Marion Murray; David Owens; Diane Plewa; Francis P.F. Reay-Jones; Silvia I. Rondon; Tom A. Royer; Philip A. Rozeboom; Hilary A. Sandler; Scott P. Schell; Marissa Schuh; Timothy Seipel; Danesha Seth Carley; Ashfaq Sial; Raghuwinder Singh; Damon L. Smith; Tim Stock; Glenn Studebaker; Adrianna Szczepaniec; Lisa Tewksbury; John Tooker; Adam J. Varenhorst; Amber Vinchesi-Vahl; Doug Walsh; Desiree Wickwar; Robert J. Wright; Simon Zebelo

doi:10.1093/jipm/pmaf016

Integrated pest management: State infrastructure status after 50 yr of Federal support (1973 to 2023)

Daren S. Mueller, Laura C. Iles, Carol L. Pilcher, Adam J. Sisson, Roger Magarey, Ryan Adams, Wanda I. Almodovar, Diane Alston, Patrick Beauzay, Ricardo Bessin, Mandy Bish, Mary Burrows, Alejandro Calixto, Rakesh Chandran, Jed B. Colquhoun, Mary Concklin, Amy J. Dreves, Peter C. Ellsworth, Paul D. Esker, James J. FarrarAlfred Fournier, Daniel Frank, Kelly Hamby, George Hamilton, Anthony Hanson, Ann Hazelrigg, Natalie Hein-Ferris, David Held, James Jasinski, Heather M. Kelly, David Kerns, Miranda Kersten, Lauren Kerzicnik, Janet Knodel, Glen Koehler, Heidi Kratsch, Christian H. Krupke, Norman C. Leppla, Erin Lizotte, Casey Matney, Rebecca A. Melanson, Frannie Miller, Marion Murray, David Owens, Diane Plewa, Francis P.F. Reay-Jones, Silvia I. Rondon, Tom A. Royer, Philip A. Rozeboom, Hilary A. Sandler, Scott P. Schell, Marissa Schuh, Timothy Seipel, Danesha Seth Carley, Ashfaq Sial, Raghuwinder Singh, Damon L. Smith, Tim Stock, Glenn Studebaker, Adrianna Szczepaniec, Lisa Tewksbury, John Tooker, Adam J. Varenhorst, Amber Vinchesi-Vahl, Doug Walsh, Desiree Wickwar, Robert J. Wright, Simon Zebelo

Entomology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Integrated pest management uses a variety of tools coupled with historical, current, and projected information for economical pest protection of crops and other resources while accounting for risk to humans and the environment. Following the 1972 US Federal IPM Policy, funding for integrated pest management programming has continued for 50+ yr. However, multifaceted changes during this time have significantly affected state-level integrated pest management infrastructure, prompting a comprehensive survey to assess conditions, limitations, and growth potential of US integrated pest management programs. A survey was sent to 50 US states and 3 territories with integrated pest management programs in November 2022. Questions assessed integrated pest management-related staffing, funding, challenges, and other subjects. Information on invasive and emerging pests and barriers to providing integrated pest management to underserved populations was also requested. Results indicated 1,000+ integrated pest management specialists exist across state integrated pest management programs. integrated pest management programs involve diverse networks and stakeholders including university-based, federally funded, and society-based entities. The survey identified a clear need for a robust integrated pest management programmatic network containing trained multidisciplinary integrated pest management specialists to address the challenges caused by a changing climate, invasive species, pest and pesticide resistance, regulatory changes, and technological advances. A strong and collaborative group of integrated pest management specialists must be maintained and strengthened to address pressing and pervasive threats to food security and human health and wellbeing caused by existing, new, and emerging pests. A unified vision and stable support are needed to enhance and empower multistate integrated pest management programs, creating a national system so all can access the information, services, and tools for protection of health, home, and livelihood.

Original language	English
Article number	30
Journal	Journal of Integrated Pest Management
Volume	16
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmaf016
State	Published - 2025

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Author(s).

Funding

Before 2009, USDA Smith-Lever 3(d) funding for IPM programs was noncompetitive, with 1862 universities automatically receiving an allocation set by formula. This model was altered in 2009 when the formula-based delivery model was changed to a competitive grant program (). The USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) manages competitive funding for Extension IPM through the Extension Implementation Program (EIP), which is part of the Crop Protection and Pest Management (CPPM) Competitive Grants Program. The EIP is 1 of 3 IPM funding program areas within CPPM, including the Applied Research and Development Program (ARDP) and Regional Coordination Program (RCP). The EIP supports state-based Extension IPM activities, the ARDP supports research and Extension development projects, and the RCP provides funding for regional coordination of IPM through its 4 regional centers. Approximately $10 million is allocated annually for the EIP with a maximum of $300,000 per program per year. The projects are funded for a 3-yr duration with annual funding disbursements. Most accepted projects receive less than their original budget requests, because the EIP program cannot fully fund all submitted proposals, and USDA NIFA strives to allocate at least some funding to all 53 state and territory IPM programs to maintain the IPM network. The shift in Smith-Lever 3(d) funding from formula-based allocations to competitive funding 15 yr ago marked a significant transition for many IPM programs, making it essential to assess its impact on these programs and the current state of the IPM network. This work was supported in part by the Crop Protection and Pest Management Program from the United States Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture . Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this pubications are those of the author(s) and should not be construed to represent any official or U.S. Government determination or policy. Kelsey Mueller created the survey instrument, collected from USDA National Agriculture Statistics Service and organized all the results. Kayla Watson, Deb Grantham, Matt Baur, and Joe LaForest also assisted with survey administration and encouraged IPM coordinators to complete the survey. Artificial intelligence software was used to help identify general trends from survey results. This work was supported in part by the Crop Protection and Pest Management Program from the United States Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture . Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this pubications are those of the author(s) and should not be construed to represent any official or U.S. Government determination or policy. Kelsey Mueller created the survey instrument, collected Supplementary Data from USDA National Agriculture Statistics Service and organized all the results. Kayla Watson, Deb Grantham, Matt Baur, and Joe LaForest also assisted with survey administration and encouraged IPM coordinators to complete the survey. Artificial intelligence software was used to help identify general trends from survey results.

Funders	Funder number
US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative
United States Department of Agriculture
Instituto Politécnico de Macau
National Agricultural Statistics Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture

Keywords

extension
integrated pest management (IPM)
survey
sustainability

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Agronomy and Crop Science
Plant Science
Insect Science
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1093/jipm/pmaf016

Cite this

Mueller, D. S., Iles, L. C., Pilcher, C. L., Sisson, A. J., Magarey, R., Adams, R., Almodovar, W. I., Alston, D., Beauzay, P., Bessin, R., Bish, M., Burrows, M., Calixto, A., Chandran, R., Colquhoun, J. B., Concklin, M., Dreves, A. J., Ellsworth, P. C., Esker, P. D., ... Zebelo, S. (2025). Integrated pest management: State infrastructure status after 50 yr of Federal support (1973 to 2023). Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 16(1), Article 30. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmaf016

@article{6d24c3ad31e0499c96eb9a0bd4649944,

title = "Integrated pest management: State infrastructure status after 50 yr of Federal support (1973 to 2023)",

abstract = "Integrated pest management uses a variety of tools coupled with historical, current, and projected information for economical pest protection of crops and other resources while accounting for risk to humans and the environment. Following the 1972 US Federal IPM Policy, funding for integrated pest management programming has continued for 50+ yr. However, multifaceted changes during this time have significantly affected state-level integrated pest management infrastructure, prompting a comprehensive survey to assess conditions, limitations, and growth potential of US integrated pest management programs. A survey was sent to 50 US states and 3 territories with integrated pest management programs in November 2022. Questions assessed integrated pest management-related staffing, funding, challenges, and other subjects. Information on invasive and emerging pests and barriers to providing integrated pest management to underserved populations was also requested. Results indicated 1,000+ integrated pest management specialists exist across state integrated pest management programs. integrated pest management programs involve diverse networks and stakeholders including university-based, federally funded, and society-based entities. The survey identified a clear need for a robust integrated pest management programmatic network containing trained multidisciplinary integrated pest management specialists to address the challenges caused by a changing climate, invasive species, pest and pesticide resistance, regulatory changes, and technological advances. A strong and collaborative group of integrated pest management specialists must be maintained and strengthened to address pressing and pervasive threats to food security and human health and wellbeing caused by existing, new, and emerging pests. A unified vision and stable support are needed to enhance and empower multistate integrated pest management programs, creating a national system so all can access the information, services, and tools for protection of health, home, and livelihood.",

keywords = "extension, integrated pest management (IPM), survey, sustainability",

author = "Mueller, \{Daren S.\} and Iles, \{Laura C.\} and Pilcher, \{Carol L.\} and Sisson, \{Adam J.\} and Roger Magarey and Ryan Adams and Almodovar, \{Wanda I.\} and Diane Alston and Patrick Beauzay and Ricardo Bessin and Mandy Bish and Mary Burrows and Alejandro Calixto and Rakesh Chandran and Colquhoun, \{Jed B.\} and Mary Concklin and Dreves, \{Amy J.\} and Ellsworth, \{Peter C.\} and Esker, \{Paul D.\} and Farrar, \{James J.\} and Alfred Fournier and Daniel Frank and Kelly Hamby and George Hamilton and Anthony Hanson and Ann Hazelrigg and Natalie Hein-Ferris and David Held and James Jasinski and Kelly, \{Heather M.\} and David Kerns and Miranda Kersten and Lauren Kerzicnik and Janet Knodel and Glen Koehler and Heidi Kratsch and Krupke, \{Christian H.\} and Leppla, \{Norman C.\} and Erin Lizotte and Casey Matney and Melanson, \{Rebecca A.\} and Frannie Miller and Marion Murray and David Owens and Diane Plewa and Reay-Jones, \{Francis P.F.\} and Rondon, \{Silvia I.\} and Royer, \{Tom A.\} and Rozeboom, \{Philip A.\} and Sandler, \{Hilary A.\} and Schell, \{Scott P.\} and Marissa Schuh and Timothy Seipel and Carley, \{Danesha Seth\} and Ashfaq Sial and Raghuwinder Singh and Smith, \{Damon L.\} and Tim Stock and Glenn Studebaker and Adrianna Szczepaniec and Lisa Tewksbury and John Tooker and Varenhorst, \{Adam J.\} and Amber Vinchesi-Vahl and Doug Walsh and Desiree Wickwar and Wright, \{Robert J.\} and Simon Zebelo",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s).",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1093/jipm/pmaf016",

language = "English",

volume = "16",

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Mueller, DS, Iles, LC, Pilcher, CL, Sisson, AJ, Magarey, R, Adams, R, Almodovar, WI, Alston, D, Beauzay, P, Bessin, R, Bish, M, Burrows, M, Calixto, A, Chandran, R, Colquhoun, JB, Concklin, M, Dreves, AJ, Ellsworth, PC, Esker, PD, Farrar, JJ, Fournier, A, Frank, D, Hamby, K, Hamilton, G, Hanson, A, Hazelrigg, A, Hein-Ferris, N, Held, D, Jasinski, J, Kelly, HM, Kerns, D, Kersten, M, Kerzicnik, L, Knodel, J, Koehler, G, Kratsch, H, Krupke, CH, Leppla, NC, Lizotte, E, Matney, C, Melanson, RA, Miller, F, Murray, M, Owens, D, Plewa, D, Reay-Jones, FPF, Rondon, SI, Royer, TA, Rozeboom, PA, Sandler, HA, Schell, SP, Schuh, M, Seipel, T, Carley, DS, Sial, A, Singh, R, Smith, DL, Stock, T, Studebaker, G, Szczepaniec, A, Tewksbury, L, Tooker, J, Varenhorst, AJ, Vinchesi-Vahl, A, Walsh, D, Wickwar, D, Wright, RJ & Zebelo, S 2025, 'Integrated pest management: State infrastructure status after 50 yr of Federal support (1973 to 2023)', Journal of Integrated Pest Management, vol. 16, no. 1, 30. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmaf016

TY - JOUR

T1 - Integrated pest management

T2 - State infrastructure status after 50 yr of Federal support (1973 to 2023)

AU - Mueller, Daren S.

AU - Iles, Laura C.

AU - Pilcher, Carol L.

AU - Sisson, Adam J.

AU - Magarey, Roger

AU - Adams, Ryan

AU - Almodovar, Wanda I.

AU - Alston, Diane

AU - Beauzay, Patrick

AU - Bessin, Ricardo

AU - Bish, Mandy

AU - Burrows, Mary

AU - Calixto, Alejandro

AU - Chandran, Rakesh

AU - Colquhoun, Jed B.

AU - Concklin, Mary

AU - Dreves, Amy J.

AU - Ellsworth, Peter C.

AU - Esker, Paul D.

AU - Farrar, James J.

AU - Fournier, Alfred

AU - Frank, Daniel

AU - Hamby, Kelly

AU - Hamilton, George

AU - Hanson, Anthony

AU - Hazelrigg, Ann

AU - Hein-Ferris, Natalie

AU - Held, David

AU - Jasinski, James

AU - Kelly, Heather M.

AU - Kerns, David

AU - Kersten, Miranda

AU - Kerzicnik, Lauren

AU - Knodel, Janet

AU - Koehler, Glen

AU - Kratsch, Heidi

AU - Krupke, Christian H.

AU - Leppla, Norman C.

AU - Lizotte, Erin

AU - Matney, Casey

AU - Melanson, Rebecca A.

AU - Miller, Frannie

AU - Murray, Marion

AU - Owens, David

AU - Plewa, Diane

AU - Reay-Jones, Francis P.F.

AU - Rondon, Silvia I.

AU - Royer, Tom A.

AU - Rozeboom, Philip A.

AU - Sandler, Hilary A.

AU - Schell, Scott P.

AU - Schuh, Marissa

AU - Seipel, Timothy

AU - Carley, Danesha Seth

AU - Sial, Ashfaq

AU - Singh, Raghuwinder

AU - Smith, Damon L.

AU - Stock, Tim

AU - Studebaker, Glenn

AU - Szczepaniec, Adrianna

AU - Tewksbury, Lisa

AU - Tooker, John

AU - Varenhorst, Adam J.

AU - Vinchesi-Vahl, Amber

AU - Walsh, Doug

AU - Wickwar, Desiree

AU - Wright, Robert J.

AU - Zebelo, Simon

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Integrated pest management uses a variety of tools coupled with historical, current, and projected information for economical pest protection of crops and other resources while accounting for risk to humans and the environment. Following the 1972 US Federal IPM Policy, funding for integrated pest management programming has continued for 50+ yr. However, multifaceted changes during this time have significantly affected state-level integrated pest management infrastructure, prompting a comprehensive survey to assess conditions, limitations, and growth potential of US integrated pest management programs. A survey was sent to 50 US states and 3 territories with integrated pest management programs in November 2022. Questions assessed integrated pest management-related staffing, funding, challenges, and other subjects. Information on invasive and emerging pests and barriers to providing integrated pest management to underserved populations was also requested. Results indicated 1,000+ integrated pest management specialists exist across state integrated pest management programs. integrated pest management programs involve diverse networks and stakeholders including university-based, federally funded, and society-based entities. The survey identified a clear need for a robust integrated pest management programmatic network containing trained multidisciplinary integrated pest management specialists to address the challenges caused by a changing climate, invasive species, pest and pesticide resistance, regulatory changes, and technological advances. A strong and collaborative group of integrated pest management specialists must be maintained and strengthened to address pressing and pervasive threats to food security and human health and wellbeing caused by existing, new, and emerging pests. A unified vision and stable support are needed to enhance and empower multistate integrated pest management programs, creating a national system so all can access the information, services, and tools for protection of health, home, and livelihood.

AB - Integrated pest management uses a variety of tools coupled with historical, current, and projected information for economical pest protection of crops and other resources while accounting for risk to humans and the environment. Following the 1972 US Federal IPM Policy, funding for integrated pest management programming has continued for 50+ yr. However, multifaceted changes during this time have significantly affected state-level integrated pest management infrastructure, prompting a comprehensive survey to assess conditions, limitations, and growth potential of US integrated pest management programs. A survey was sent to 50 US states and 3 territories with integrated pest management programs in November 2022. Questions assessed integrated pest management-related staffing, funding, challenges, and other subjects. Information on invasive and emerging pests and barriers to providing integrated pest management to underserved populations was also requested. Results indicated 1,000+ integrated pest management specialists exist across state integrated pest management programs. integrated pest management programs involve diverse networks and stakeholders including university-based, federally funded, and society-based entities. The survey identified a clear need for a robust integrated pest management programmatic network containing trained multidisciplinary integrated pest management specialists to address the challenges caused by a changing climate, invasive species, pest and pesticide resistance, regulatory changes, and technological advances. A strong and collaborative group of integrated pest management specialists must be maintained and strengthened to address pressing and pervasive threats to food security and human health and wellbeing caused by existing, new, and emerging pests. A unified vision and stable support are needed to enhance and empower multistate integrated pest management programs, creating a national system so all can access the information, services, and tools for protection of health, home, and livelihood.

KW - extension

KW - integrated pest management (IPM)

KW - survey

KW - sustainability

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JO - Journal of Integrated Pest Management

JF - Journal of Integrated Pest Management

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Integrated pest management: State infrastructure status after 50 yr of Federal support (1973 to 2023)

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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