Is supplemental regional anesthesia associated with more complications and readmissions after ankle fracture surgery in the inpatient and outpatient setting?

Background: There is concern that regional anesthesia is associated with increased risk of complications, including return to the hospital for uncontrolled pain once the regional anesthetic wears off. Methods: Retrospective database review of patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of a closed ankle fracture from 2014–16 who received general anesthesia alone (GA) or general anesthesia plus regional anesthesia (RA). Results: 9459 patients met inclusion criteria. Patients in the RA group had significantly longer operative duration in both inpatient (GAI = 71 min vs RAI = 79 min, p = 0.002) and outpatient setting (GAO = 66 min vs RAI = 72 min, p < 0.001), lower overall LOS (GA = 1.7 days vs RA = 1.1 days, p < 0.001), and higher readmission rate for pain (RAO = 4 [0.3%] vs GAO = 1 [0.0%], p = 0.007). Conclusions: Patients who received supplemental regional anesthesia had shorter hospital LOS, increased operative time, and increased readmission rates for rebound pain. However, the small number of patients needing readmission are not clinically significant demonstrating that regional anesthesia is safe, effective and readmission for rebound pain should not be a concern. Level of Evidence: III.