Isolation and characterisation of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) from Europe and North America from 2008 to 2009

Neil A. Bryant; Adam S. Rash; Alana L. Woodward; Elizabeth Medcalf; Maud Helwegen; Franziska Wohlfender; Fatima Cruz; Claudia Herrmann; Kerstin Borchers; Ashish Tiwari; Thomas M. Chambers; J. Richard Newton; Jennifer A. Mumford; Debra M. Elton

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.040

Isolation and characterisation of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) from Europe and North America from 2008 to 2009

Neil A. Bryant, Adam S. Rash, Alana L. Woodward, Elizabeth Medcalf, Maud Helwegen, Franziska Wohlfender, Fatima Cruz, Claudia Herrmann, Kerstin Borchers, Ashish Tiwari, Thomas M. Chambers, J. Richard Newton, Jennifer A. Mumford, Debra M. Elton

Veterinary Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

59 Scopus citations

Abstract

Like other influenza A viruses, equine influenza virus undergoes antigenic drift. It is therefore essential that surveillance is carried out to ensure that recommended strains for inclusion in vaccines are kept up to date. Here we report antigenic and genetic characterisation carried out on equine influenza virus strains isolated in North America and Europe over a 2-year period from 2008 to 2009. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from equines showing acute clinical signs and submitted to diagnostic laboratories for testing and virus isolation in eggs. The sequence of the HA1 portion of the viral haemagglutinin was determined for each strain. Where possible, sequence was determined directly from swab material as well as from virus isolated in eggs. In Europe, 20 viruses were isolated from 15 sporadic outbreaks and 5 viruses were isolated from North America. All of the European and North American viruses were characterised as members of the Florida sublineage, with similarity to A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/07 (clade 1) or A/eq/Richmond/1/07 (clade 2). Antigenic characterisation by haemagglutination inhibition assay indicated that the two clades could be readily distinguished and there were also at least seven amino acid differences between them. The selection of vaccine strains for 2010 by the expert surveillance panel have taken these differences into account and it is now recommended that representatives of both Florida clade 1 and clade 2 are included in vaccines.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	19-27
Number of pages	9
Journal	Veterinary Microbiology
Volume	147
Issue number	1-2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.040
State	Published - Jan 10 2011

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We would like to thank Toni-Ann Hammond and Stephanie Reedy for excellent technical support for EIV diagnostics, Schering Plough Animal Health, Intervet, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Pfizer Animal Health and Hennessy Research Associates and the Horse Race Betting Levy Board for subsidising the EIV surveillance programmes and all the contributing veterinary practices. N.A.B., A.S.R., A.L.W., M.H., R.N., F.W. and F.C. were supported by the Horse Race Betting Levy Board. D.M.E. and E.M. were supported by the Animal Health Trust. T.M.C. was supported in part by a project (No. 014028) of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.

Keywords

Equine influenza virus
H3N8
Surveillance
Vaccine strain selection

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Microbiology
General Veterinary

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.040

Cite this

Bryant, N. A., Rash, A. S., Woodward, A. L., Medcalf, E., Helwegen, M., Wohlfender, F., Cruz, F., Herrmann, C., Borchers, K., Tiwari, A., Chambers, T. M., Newton, J. R., Mumford, J. A., & Elton, D. M. (2011). Isolation and characterisation of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) from Europe and North America from 2008 to 2009. Veterinary Microbiology, 147(1-2), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.040

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title = "Isolation and characterisation of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) from Europe and North America from 2008 to 2009",

abstract = "Like other influenza A viruses, equine influenza virus undergoes antigenic drift. It is therefore essential that surveillance is carried out to ensure that recommended strains for inclusion in vaccines are kept up to date. Here we report antigenic and genetic characterisation carried out on equine influenza virus strains isolated in North America and Europe over a 2-year period from 2008 to 2009. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from equines showing acute clinical signs and submitted to diagnostic laboratories for testing and virus isolation in eggs. The sequence of the HA1 portion of the viral haemagglutinin was determined for each strain. Where possible, sequence was determined directly from swab material as well as from virus isolated in eggs. In Europe, 20 viruses were isolated from 15 sporadic outbreaks and 5 viruses were isolated from North America. All of the European and North American viruses were characterised as members of the Florida sublineage, with similarity to A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/07 (clade 1) or A/eq/Richmond/1/07 (clade 2). Antigenic characterisation by haemagglutination inhibition assay indicated that the two clades could be readily distinguished and there were also at least seven amino acid differences between them. The selection of vaccine strains for 2010 by the expert surveillance panel have taken these differences into account and it is now recommended that representatives of both Florida clade 1 and clade 2 are included in vaccines.",

keywords = "Equine influenza virus, H3N8, Surveillance, Vaccine strain selection",

author = "Bryant, {Neil A.} and Rash, {Adam S.} and Woodward, {Alana L.} and Elizabeth Medcalf and Maud Helwegen and Franziska Wohlfender and Fatima Cruz and Claudia Herrmann and Kerstin Borchers and Ashish Tiwari and Chambers, {Thomas M.} and Newton, {J. Richard} and Mumford, {Jennifer A.} and Elton, {Debra M.}",

note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank Toni-Ann Hammond and Stephanie Reedy for excellent technical support for EIV diagnostics, Schering Plough Animal Health, Intervet, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Pfizer Animal Health and Hennessy Research Associates and the Horse Race Betting Levy Board for subsidising the EIV surveillance programmes and all the contributing veterinary practices. N.A.B., A.S.R., A.L.W., M.H., R.N., F.W. and F.C. were supported by the Horse Race Betting Levy Board. D.M.E. and E.M. were supported by the Animal Health Trust. T.M.C. was supported in part by a project (No. 014028) of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. ",

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Bryant, NA, Rash, AS, Woodward, AL, Medcalf, E, Helwegen, M, Wohlfender, F, Cruz, F, Herrmann, C, Borchers, K, Tiwari, A, Chambers, TM, Newton, JR, Mumford, JA & Elton, DM 2011, 'Isolation and characterisation of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) from Europe and North America from 2008 to 2009', Veterinary Microbiology, vol. 147, no. 1-2, pp. 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.040

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AU - Bryant, Neil A.

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AU - Helwegen, Maud

AU - Wohlfender, Franziska

AU - Cruz, Fatima

AU - Herrmann, Claudia

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AU - Tiwari, Ashish

AU - Chambers, Thomas M.

AU - Newton, J. Richard

AU - Mumford, Jennifer A.

AU - Elton, Debra M.

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N2 - Like other influenza A viruses, equine influenza virus undergoes antigenic drift. It is therefore essential that surveillance is carried out to ensure that recommended strains for inclusion in vaccines are kept up to date. Here we report antigenic and genetic characterisation carried out on equine influenza virus strains isolated in North America and Europe over a 2-year period from 2008 to 2009. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from equines showing acute clinical signs and submitted to diagnostic laboratories for testing and virus isolation in eggs. The sequence of the HA1 portion of the viral haemagglutinin was determined for each strain. Where possible, sequence was determined directly from swab material as well as from virus isolated in eggs. In Europe, 20 viruses were isolated from 15 sporadic outbreaks and 5 viruses were isolated from North America. All of the European and North American viruses were characterised as members of the Florida sublineage, with similarity to A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/07 (clade 1) or A/eq/Richmond/1/07 (clade 2). Antigenic characterisation by haemagglutination inhibition assay indicated that the two clades could be readily distinguished and there were also at least seven amino acid differences between them. The selection of vaccine strains for 2010 by the expert surveillance panel have taken these differences into account and it is now recommended that representatives of both Florida clade 1 and clade 2 are included in vaccines.

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Isolation and characterisation of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) from Europe and North America from 2008 to 2009

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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