Effect of intravenous lidocaine on the transcerebral inflammatory response during cardiac surgery: a randomized-controlled trial

Translated title of the contribution: Effect of intravenous lidocaine on the transcerebral inflammatory response during cardiac surgery: a randomized-controlled trial

Rebecca Y. Klinger, Mary Cooter, Miles Berger, Mihai V. Podgoreanu, Mark Stafford-Smith, Thomas L. Ortel, Ian J. Welsby, Jerrold H. Levy, Henry M. Rinder, Mark F. Newman, Joseph P. Mathew, the Neurologic Outcomes Research Group (NORG) of The Duke Heart Center For the Neurologic Outcomes Research Group (NORG) of The Duke Heart Center

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs frequently after cardiac surgery. The pathophysiology of POCD remains elusive, but previous work showed that intravenous lidocaine may be protective against POCD, possibly by modulating cerebral inflammation. We hypothesized that intravenous lidocaine would attenuate the cerebral inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) by reducing the transcerebral activation gradients of platelets, leukocytes, and/or platelet-leukocyte conjugates. Methods: We studied 202 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB in this prospective randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to receive either intravenous lidocaine (bolus + 48-hr infusion) or placebo (identical infusion volume and duration). Paired jugular venous and radial arterial blood samples were drawn at several time points and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting to identify activated platelets and platelet-leukocyte conjugates. Transcerebral activation gradients were calculated by subtracting arterial values from venous values and were compared between groups using repeated measures regression models with covariate adjustment for age, sex, surgery type, and CPB duration. Results: Beginning after aortic cross-clamp release and peaking ten minutes after the termination of CPB, the mean (SD) transcerebral activation gradient of platelet-monocyte conjugates decreased in lidocaine-treated vs placebo-treated patients [−1.84 (11.47) mean linear fluorescence intensity (MLFI) vs 1.46 (13.88) MLFI, respectively; mean difference, −4.08 MLFI; 95% confidence interval, −7.86 to −0.29; P = 0.03). No difference was seen at any time point for activated platelets or for platelet-neutrophil conjugates. Conclusion: While lidocaine did not affect the systemic or transcerebral activation of platelets or leukocytes, we did observe a reduction in the transcerebral activation of platelet-monocyte conjugates after aortic cross-clamp release. This may be a manifestation of reduced cerebral inflammation during cardiopulmonary bypass in response to treatment with lidocaine. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00938964).

Translated title of the contributionEffect of intravenous lidocaine on the transcerebral inflammatory response during cardiac surgery: a randomized-controlled trial
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1223-1232
Number of pages10
JournalCanadian Journal of Anesthesia
Volume63
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 1 2016

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was supported by grants to Dr. Mathew from the National Institutes of Health (HL096978, HL108280, HL109971).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

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