Left middle temporal and inferior frontal regions contribute to speed of lexical decision: A TMS study

Zude Zhu; Brian T. Gold; Chi Fu Chang; Suiping Wang; Chi Hung Juan

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2014.11.002

Left middle temporal and inferior frontal regions contribute to speed of lexical decision: A TMS study

Zude Zhu, Brian T. Gold, Chi Fu Chang, Suiping Wang, Chi Hung Juan

Neuroscience

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

15 Scopus citations

Abstract

Activation of left anterior inferior frontal gyrus (aLIFG) and left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG) has been observed in some functional neuroimaging studies of lexical decision but not others. It is thus unclear whether these two regions are necessary for word recognition. By applying continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) which temporally suppresses local brain function, we examined whether aLIFG and LMTG play causal roles in word recognition in a visual lexical decision task (LDT). Furthermore, we manipulated stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between prime and target to test whether these regions contribute to word recognition differently. In the LDT task, target words were preceded by semantically related primes (Related Condition; RC) or semantically unrelated words (Unrelated Condition; UC), under both short (150. ms) and long (600. ms) SOA conditions. TMS of aLIFG and LMTG significantly affected the word recognition speed compared to TMS of Vertex. Our results provide evidence that both aLIFG and LMTG contribute to word recognition speed. Furthermore, at short SOA, TMS of aLIFG or LMTG prolonged reaction time (RT). In contrast, at long SOA, there was a significant region by SOA by TMS interaction such that TMS of aLIFG prolonged RT, whereas TMS of LMTG speeded RT. These results suggest that aLIFG and LMTG may play different roles in word recognition.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	11-17
Number of pages	7
Journal	Brain and Cognition
Volume	93
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2014.11.002
State	Published - Feb 1 2015

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Funding

We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Nathan F. Johnson for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript and Ms. Jie Li for stimulus preparation. This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China ( NSF 31100811 and NSF 31271086 ), Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme (2012), grant from Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong (wym11043), grant from the Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University , the Foundation for Science and Technology Innovations, Shenzhen ( CXZZ20130514151921332 ), as well as the National Science Council, Taiwan ( NSC-99-2410-H-008-022-MY3 ).

Funders	Funder number
Foundation for Science and Technology Innovations, Shenzhen	CXZZ20130514151921332
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)	NSF 31271086, NSF 31100811
National Science Council	NSC-99-2410-H-008-022-MY3
Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong	wym11043
Guangdong Province Higher Vocational Colleges and Schools Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme

Keywords

Left anterior inferior frontal gyrus
Left middle temporal gyrus
TMS
Word recognition

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Developmental and Educational Psychology
Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
Cognitive Neuroscience

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10.1016/j.bandc.2014.11.002

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title = "Left middle temporal and inferior frontal regions contribute to speed of lexical decision: A TMS study",

abstract = "Activation of left anterior inferior frontal gyrus (aLIFG) and left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG) has been observed in some functional neuroimaging studies of lexical decision but not others. It is thus unclear whether these two regions are necessary for word recognition. By applying continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) which temporally suppresses local brain function, we examined whether aLIFG and LMTG play causal roles in word recognition in a visual lexical decision task (LDT). Furthermore, we manipulated stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between prime and target to test whether these regions contribute to word recognition differently. In the LDT task, target words were preceded by semantically related primes (Related Condition; RC) or semantically unrelated words (Unrelated Condition; UC), under both short (150. ms) and long (600. ms) SOA conditions. TMS of aLIFG and LMTG significantly affected the word recognition speed compared to TMS of Vertex. Our results provide evidence that both aLIFG and LMTG contribute to word recognition speed. Furthermore, at short SOA, TMS of aLIFG or LMTG prolonged reaction time (RT). In contrast, at long SOA, there was a significant region by SOA by TMS interaction such that TMS of aLIFG prolonged RT, whereas TMS of LMTG speeded RT. These results suggest that aLIFG and LMTG may play different roles in word recognition.",

keywords = "Left anterior inferior frontal gyrus, Left middle temporal gyrus, TMS, Word recognition",

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AB - Activation of left anterior inferior frontal gyrus (aLIFG) and left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG) has been observed in some functional neuroimaging studies of lexical decision but not others. It is thus unclear whether these two regions are necessary for word recognition. By applying continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) which temporally suppresses local brain function, we examined whether aLIFG and LMTG play causal roles in word recognition in a visual lexical decision task (LDT). Furthermore, we manipulated stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between prime and target to test whether these regions contribute to word recognition differently. In the LDT task, target words were preceded by semantically related primes (Related Condition; RC) or semantically unrelated words (Unrelated Condition; UC), under both short (150. ms) and long (600. ms) SOA conditions. TMS of aLIFG and LMTG significantly affected the word recognition speed compared to TMS of Vertex. Our results provide evidence that both aLIFG and LMTG contribute to word recognition speed. Furthermore, at short SOA, TMS of aLIFG or LMTG prolonged reaction time (RT). In contrast, at long SOA, there was a significant region by SOA by TMS interaction such that TMS of aLIFG prolonged RT, whereas TMS of LMTG speeded RT. These results suggest that aLIFG and LMTG may play different roles in word recognition.

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Left middle temporal and inferior frontal regions contribute to speed of lexical decision: A TMS study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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