Long-term no-till increases soil nitrogen mineralization but does not affect optimal corn nitrogen fertilization practices relative to inversion tillage

Lucas Pecci Canisares; John Grove; Fernando Miguez; Hanna Poffenbarger

doi:10.1016/j.still.2021.105080

Long-term no-till increases soil nitrogen mineralization but does not affect optimal corn nitrogen fertilization practices relative to inversion tillage

Lucas Pecci Canisares, John Grove, Fernando Miguez, Hanna Poffenbarger

Plant and Soil Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

No-till management is a proven practice for increasing soil organic matter in many environments. By increasing soil organic matter, no-till may increase soil N mineralization, potentially reducing crop demand for N fertilizer relative to inversion tillage. In this study, we hypothesized that, relative to inversion tillage (moldboard plowing), long-term no-till would: i) increase total N stocks, ii) increase mineralized N during the growing season, iii) increase grain yield and N uptake, and iv) reduce reliance of corn (Zea mays L.) on N fertilizer inputs. We tested these hypotheses in a long-term, continuous corn tillage and fertilizer N rate study located in Lexington, KY. We measured the total soil N and potentially mineralizable N after 48 years, the in situ mineralized N and N uptake during two corn seasons (2018–2019), and the corn grain yield for five seasons (2015–2019). We evaluated the effect of no-till on N fertilizer reliance in two ways – the first was by measuring the agronomic optimum N rate of corn in the two tillage systems, and the second was by measuring the corn yield response to late N fertilization timing in the two tillage systems. We found that the no-till system had 1000 kg N ha⁻¹ greater total soil N stocks in the top 20 cm, mineralized 65 kg ha⁻¹ more N during corn growth, and resulted in 22−71 kg N ha⁻¹ and 780−1800 kg ha⁻¹ greater N uptake and grain yield across N rates, respectively, than the plowed system. The agronomic optimum N rate (AONR) did not differ among tillage treatments, potentially because the no-till treatment yielded more and thus demanded more N. Although corn yield responded to the late N fertilization treatment, the response was similar in both the no-till and plowed treatments. We conclude that long-term no-till increases soil N mineralization and corn yield relative to inversion tillage, with minimal effect on the AONR or optimal timing of N fertilizer application.

Original language	English
Article number	105080
Journal	Soil and Tillage Research
Volume	213
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105080
State	Published - Sep 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was funded by the Kentucky Corn Growers’ Association , the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and the Environment , and the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Multi-State Funding . We thank Laura Harris, Tami Smith, Andres Nuñez, James Dollarhide, Jason Walton, Bob Pearce, and Congming Zou for their help with the study. We are very grateful to Bob Blevins for establishing, maintaining, and collecting data from the plots for many years.

Funding Information:
This study was funded by the Kentucky Corn Growers? Association, the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and the Environment, and the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Multi-State Funding. We thank Laura Harris, Tami Smith, Andres Nu?ez, James Dollarhide, Jason Walton, Bob Pearce, and Congming Zou for their help with the study. We are very grateful to Bob Blevins for establishing, maintaining, and collecting data from the plots for many years.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Agronomic optimum N rates
Continuous non-tilled
Late-split nitrogen
Soil organic N storage
Soil organic matter

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Agronomy and Crop Science
Soil Science
Earth-Surface Processes

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.still.2021.105080

Cite this

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title = "Long-term no-till increases soil nitrogen mineralization but does not affect optimal corn nitrogen fertilization practices relative to inversion tillage",

abstract = "No-till management is a proven practice for increasing soil organic matter in many environments. By increasing soil organic matter, no-till may increase soil N mineralization, potentially reducing crop demand for N fertilizer relative to inversion tillage. In this study, we hypothesized that, relative to inversion tillage (moldboard plowing), long-term no-till would: i) increase total N stocks, ii) increase mineralized N during the growing season, iii) increase grain yield and N uptake, and iv) reduce reliance of corn (Zea mays L.) on N fertilizer inputs. We tested these hypotheses in a long-term, continuous corn tillage and fertilizer N rate study located in Lexington, KY. We measured the total soil N and potentially mineralizable N after 48 years, the in situ mineralized N and N uptake during two corn seasons (2018–2019), and the corn grain yield for five seasons (2015–2019). We evaluated the effect of no-till on N fertilizer reliance in two ways – the first was by measuring the agronomic optimum N rate of corn in the two tillage systems, and the second was by measuring the corn yield response to late N fertilization timing in the two tillage systems. We found that the no-till system had 1000 kg N ha−1 greater total soil N stocks in the top 20 cm, mineralized 65 kg ha−1 more N during corn growth, and resulted in 22−71 kg N ha−1 and 780−1800 kg ha−1 greater N uptake and grain yield across N rates, respectively, than the plowed system. The agronomic optimum N rate (AONR) did not differ among tillage treatments, potentially because the no-till treatment yielded more and thus demanded more N. Although corn yield responded to the late N fertilization treatment, the response was similar in both the no-till and plowed treatments. We conclude that long-term no-till increases soil N mineralization and corn yield relative to inversion tillage, with minimal effect on the AONR or optimal timing of N fertilizer application.",

keywords = "Agronomic optimum N rates, Continuous non-tilled, Late-split nitrogen, Soil organic N storage, Soil organic matter",

author = "{Pecci Canisares}, Lucas and John Grove and Fernando Miguez and Hanna Poffenbarger",

note = "Funding Information: This study was funded by the Kentucky Corn Growers{\textquoteright} Association , the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and the Environment , and the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Multi-State Funding . We thank Laura Harris, Tami Smith, Andres Nu{\~n}ez, James Dollarhide, Jason Walton, Bob Pearce, and Congming Zou for their help with the study. We are very grateful to Bob Blevins for establishing, maintaining, and collecting data from the plots for many years. Funding Information: This study was funded by the Kentucky Corn Growers? Association, the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and the Environment, and the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Multi-State Funding. We thank Laura Harris, Tami Smith, Andres Nu?ez, James Dollarhide, Jason Walton, Bob Pearce, and Congming Zou for their help with the study. We are very grateful to Bob Blevins for establishing, maintaining, and collecting data from the plots for many years. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.",

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doi = "10.1016/j.still.2021.105080",

language = "English",

volume = "213",

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T1 - Long-term no-till increases soil nitrogen mineralization but does not affect optimal corn nitrogen fertilization practices relative to inversion tillage

AU - Pecci Canisares, Lucas

AU - Grove, John

AU - Miguez, Fernando

AU - Poffenbarger, Hanna

N1 - Funding Information: This study was funded by the Kentucky Corn Growers’ Association , the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and the Environment , and the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Multi-State Funding . We thank Laura Harris, Tami Smith, Andres Nuñez, James Dollarhide, Jason Walton, Bob Pearce, and Congming Zou for their help with the study. We are very grateful to Bob Blevins for establishing, maintaining, and collecting data from the plots for many years. Funding Information: This study was funded by the Kentucky Corn Growers? Association, the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and the Environment, and the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Multi-State Funding. We thank Laura Harris, Tami Smith, Andres Nu?ez, James Dollarhide, Jason Walton, Bob Pearce, and Congming Zou for their help with the study. We are very grateful to Bob Blevins for establishing, maintaining, and collecting data from the plots for many years. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2021/9

Y1 - 2021/9

N2 - No-till management is a proven practice for increasing soil organic matter in many environments. By increasing soil organic matter, no-till may increase soil N mineralization, potentially reducing crop demand for N fertilizer relative to inversion tillage. In this study, we hypothesized that, relative to inversion tillage (moldboard plowing), long-term no-till would: i) increase total N stocks, ii) increase mineralized N during the growing season, iii) increase grain yield and N uptake, and iv) reduce reliance of corn (Zea mays L.) on N fertilizer inputs. We tested these hypotheses in a long-term, continuous corn tillage and fertilizer N rate study located in Lexington, KY. We measured the total soil N and potentially mineralizable N after 48 years, the in situ mineralized N and N uptake during two corn seasons (2018–2019), and the corn grain yield for five seasons (2015–2019). We evaluated the effect of no-till on N fertilizer reliance in two ways – the first was by measuring the agronomic optimum N rate of corn in the two tillage systems, and the second was by measuring the corn yield response to late N fertilization timing in the two tillage systems. We found that the no-till system had 1000 kg N ha−1 greater total soil N stocks in the top 20 cm, mineralized 65 kg ha−1 more N during corn growth, and resulted in 22−71 kg N ha−1 and 780−1800 kg ha−1 greater N uptake and grain yield across N rates, respectively, than the plowed system. The agronomic optimum N rate (AONR) did not differ among tillage treatments, potentially because the no-till treatment yielded more and thus demanded more N. Although corn yield responded to the late N fertilization treatment, the response was similar in both the no-till and plowed treatments. We conclude that long-term no-till increases soil N mineralization and corn yield relative to inversion tillage, with minimal effect on the AONR or optimal timing of N fertilizer application.

AB - No-till management is a proven practice for increasing soil organic matter in many environments. By increasing soil organic matter, no-till may increase soil N mineralization, potentially reducing crop demand for N fertilizer relative to inversion tillage. In this study, we hypothesized that, relative to inversion tillage (moldboard plowing), long-term no-till would: i) increase total N stocks, ii) increase mineralized N during the growing season, iii) increase grain yield and N uptake, and iv) reduce reliance of corn (Zea mays L.) on N fertilizer inputs. We tested these hypotheses in a long-term, continuous corn tillage and fertilizer N rate study located in Lexington, KY. We measured the total soil N and potentially mineralizable N after 48 years, the in situ mineralized N and N uptake during two corn seasons (2018–2019), and the corn grain yield for five seasons (2015–2019). We evaluated the effect of no-till on N fertilizer reliance in two ways – the first was by measuring the agronomic optimum N rate of corn in the two tillage systems, and the second was by measuring the corn yield response to late N fertilization timing in the two tillage systems. We found that the no-till system had 1000 kg N ha−1 greater total soil N stocks in the top 20 cm, mineralized 65 kg ha−1 more N during corn growth, and resulted in 22−71 kg N ha−1 and 780−1800 kg ha−1 greater N uptake and grain yield across N rates, respectively, than the plowed system. The agronomic optimum N rate (AONR) did not differ among tillage treatments, potentially because the no-till treatment yielded more and thus demanded more N. Although corn yield responded to the late N fertilization treatment, the response was similar in both the no-till and plowed treatments. We conclude that long-term no-till increases soil N mineralization and corn yield relative to inversion tillage, with minimal effect on the AONR or optimal timing of N fertilizer application.

KW - Agronomic optimum N rates

KW - Continuous non-tilled

KW - Late-split nitrogen

KW - Soil organic N storage

KW - Soil organic matter

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Long-term no-till increases soil nitrogen mineralization but does not affect optimal corn nitrogen fertilization practices relative to inversion tillage

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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