TY - JOUR
T1 - Maize VIVIPAROUS1 Interacts with ABA INSENSITIVE5 to Regulate GALACTINOL SYNTHASE2 Expression Controlling Seed Raffinose Accumulation
AU - Zhang, Yumin
AU - Sun, Qichao
AU - Zhang, Chunxia
AU - Hao, Guanglong
AU - Wang, Chunmei
AU - Dirk, Lynnette M.A.
AU - Downie, A. Bruce
AU - Zhao, Tianyong
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2019/4/17
Y1 - 2019/4/17
N2 - Raffinose, an oligosaccharide found in many seeds, plays an important role in seed vigor; however, the regulatory mechanism governing raffinose biosynthesis remains unclear. We report here that maize W22 wild type (WT) seeds, but not W22 viviparous1 (zmvp1) mutant seeds, start accumulating galactinol and raffinose 28 days after pollination (DAP). Transcriptome analysis of the zmvp1 embryo showed that the expression of GALACTINOL SYNTHASE2 (GOLS2) was down-regulated relative to WT. Further experiments showed that the expression of ZmGOLS2 was up-regulated by ZmABI5 but not by ZmVP1, and it was further increased by the coexpression of ZmABI5 and ZmVP1 in maize protoplasts. ZmABI5 interacted with ZmVP1, while ZmABI5, but not ZmVP1, directly binds to the ZmGOLS2 promoter. Together, all of the findings suggest that ZmVP1 interacts with ZmABI5 and regulates ZmGOLS2 expression and raffinose accumulation in maize seeds.
AB - Raffinose, an oligosaccharide found in many seeds, plays an important role in seed vigor; however, the regulatory mechanism governing raffinose biosynthesis remains unclear. We report here that maize W22 wild type (WT) seeds, but not W22 viviparous1 (zmvp1) mutant seeds, start accumulating galactinol and raffinose 28 days after pollination (DAP). Transcriptome analysis of the zmvp1 embryo showed that the expression of GALACTINOL SYNTHASE2 (GOLS2) was down-regulated relative to WT. Further experiments showed that the expression of ZmGOLS2 was up-regulated by ZmABI5 but not by ZmVP1, and it was further increased by the coexpression of ZmABI5 and ZmVP1 in maize protoplasts. ZmABI5 interacted with ZmVP1, while ZmABI5, but not ZmVP1, directly binds to the ZmGOLS2 promoter. Together, all of the findings suggest that ZmVP1 interacts with ZmABI5 and regulates ZmGOLS2 expression and raffinose accumulation in maize seeds.
KW - ABI5
KW - GALACTINOL SYNTHASE
KW - maize
KW - raffinose biosynthesis
KW - seeds
KW - viviparous
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85064343776&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85064343776&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00322
DO - 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00322
M3 - Article
C2 - 30915847
AN - SCOPUS:85064343776
SN - 0021-8561
VL - 67
SP - 4214
EP - 4223
JO - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
IS - 15
ER -