Measurement of the Sixth-Order Cumulant of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at s NN =27, 54.4, and 200 GeV at RHIC

M. S. Abdallah; J. Adam; L. Adamczyk; J. R. Adams; J. K. Adkins; G. Agakishiev; I. Aggarwal; M. M. Aggarwal; Z. Ahammed; I. Alekseev; D. M. Anderson; A. Aparin; E. C. Aschenauer; M. U. Ashraf; F. G. Atetalla; A. Attri; G. S. Averichev; V. Bairathi; W. Baker; J. G. Ball Cap; K. Barish; A. Behera; R. Bellwied; P. Bhagat; A. Bhasin; J. Bielcik; J. Bielcikova; I. G. Bordyuzhin; J. D. Brandenburg; A. V. Brandin; I. Bunzarov; J. Butterworth; X. Z. Cai; H. Caines; M. Calderón De La Barca Sánchez; D. Cebra; I. Chakaberia; P. Chaloupka; B. K. Chan; F. H. Chang; Z. Chang; N. Chankova-Bunzarova; A. Chatterjee; S. Chattopadhyay; D. Chen; J. Chen; J. H. Chen; X. Chen; Z. Chen; J. Cheng; M. Chevalier; S. Choudhury; W. Christie; X. Chu; H. J. Crawford; M. Csanád; M. Daugherity; T. G. Dedovich; I. M. Deppner; A. A. Derevschikov; A. Dhamija; L. Di Carlo; L. Didenko; X. Dong; J. L. Drachenberg; E. Duckworth; J. C. Dunlop; N. Elsey; J. Engelage; G. Eppley; S. Esumi; O. Evdokimov; A. Ewigleben; O. Eyser; R. Fatemi; F. M. Fawzi; S. Fazio; P. Federic; J. Fedorisin; C. J. Feng; Y. Feng; P. Filip; E. Finch; Y. Fisyak; A. Francisco; C. Fu; L. Fulek; C. A. Gagliardi; T. Galatyuk; F. Geurts; N. Ghimire; A. Gibson; K. Gopal; X. Gou; D. Grosnick; A. Gupta; W. Guryn; A. I. Hamad; A. Hamed; Y. Han; S. Harabasz; M. D. Harasty; J. W. Harris; H. Harrison; S. He; W. He; X. H. He; Y. He; S. Heppelmann; S. Heppelmann; N. Herrmann; E. Hoffman; L. Holub; Y. Hu; H. Huang; H. Z. Huang; S. L. Huang; T. Huang; X. Huang; Y. Huang; T. J. Humanic; G. Igo; D. Isenhower; W. W. Jacobs; C. Jena; A. Jentsch; Y. Ji; J. Jia; K. Jiang; X. Ju; E. G. Judd; S. Kabana; M. L. Kabir; S. Kagamaster; D. Kalinkin; K. Kang; D. Kapukchyan; K. Kauder; H. W. Ke; D. Keane; A. Kechechyan; Y. V. Khyzhniak; D. P. Kikoła; C. Kim; B. Kimelman; D. Kincses; I. Kisel; A. Kiselev; A. G. Knospe; L. Kochenda; L. K. Kosarzewski; L. Kramarik; P. Kravtsov; L. Kumar; S. Kumar; R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli; J. H. Kwasizur; R. Lacey; S. Lan; J. M. Landgraf; J. Lauret; A. Lebedev; R. Lednicky; J. H. Lee; Y. H. Leung; C. Li; C. Li; W. Li; X. Li; Y. Li; X. Liang; Y. Liang; R. Licenik; T. Lin; Y. Lin; M. A. Lisa; F. Liu; H. Liu; H. Liu; P. Liu; T. Liu; X. Liu; Y. Liu; Z. Liu; T. Ljubicic; W. J. Llope; R. S. Longacre; E. Loyd; N. S. Lukow; X. Luo; L. Ma; R. Ma; Y. G. Ma; N. Magdy; R. Majka; D. Mallick; S. Margetis; C. Markert; H. S. Matis; J. A. Mazer; N. G. Minaev; S. Mioduszewski; B. Mohanty; M. M. Mondal; I. Mooney; D. A. Morozov; A. Mukherjee; M. Nagy; J. D. Nam; Md Nasim; K. Nayak; D. Neff; J. M. Nelson; D. B. Nemes; M. Nie; G. Nigmatkulov; T. Niida; R. Nishitani; L. V. Nogach; T. Nonaka; A. S. Nunes; G. Odyniec; A. Ogawa; S. Oh; V. A. Okorokov; B. S. Page; R. Pak; A. Pandav; A. K. Pandey; Y. Panebratsev; P. Parfenov; B. Pawlik; D. Pawlowska; H. Pei; C. Perkins; L. Pinsky; R. L. Pintér; J. Pluta; B. R. Pokhrel; G. Ponimatkin; J. Porter; M. Posik; V. Prozorova; N. K. Pruthi; M. Przybycien; J. Putschke; H. Qiu; A. Quintero; C. Racz; S. K. Radhakrishnan; N. Raha; R. L. Ray; R. Reed; H. G. Ritter; M. Robotkova; O. V. Rogachevskiy; J. L. Romero; L. Ruan; J. Rusnak; N. R. Sahoo; H. Sako; S. Salur; J. Sandweiss; S. Sato; W. B. Schmidke; N. Schmitz; B. R. Schweid; F. Seck; J. Seger; M. Sergeeva; R. Seto; P. Seyboth; N. Shah; E. Shahaliev; P. V. Shanmuganathan; M. Shao; T. Shao; A. I. Sheikh; D. Shen; S. S. Shi; Y. Shi; Q. Y. Shou; E. P. Sichtermann; R. Sikora; M. Simko; J. Singh; S. Singha; M. J. Skoby; N. Smirnov; Y. Söhngen; W. Solyst; P. Sorensen; H. M. Spinka; B. Srivastava; T. D.S. Stanislaus; M. Stefaniak; D. J. Stewart; M. Strikhanov; B. Stringfellow; A. A.P. Suaide; M. Sumbera; B. Summa; X. M. Sun; X. Sun; Y. Sun; Y. Sun; B. Surrow; D. N. Svirida; Z. W. Sweger; P. Szymanski; A. H. Tang; Z. Tang; A. Taranenko; T. Tarnowsky; J. H. Thomas; A. R. Timmins; D. Tlusty; T. Todoroki; M. Tokarev; C. A. Tomkiel; S. Trentalange; R. E. Tribble; P. Tribedy; S. K. Tripathy; T. Truhlar; B. A. Trzeciak; O. D. Tsai; Z. Tu; T. Ullrich; D. G. Underwood; I. Upsal; G. Van Buren; J. Vanek; A. N. Vasiliev; I. Vassiliev; V. Verkest; F. Videbæk; S. Vokal; S. A. Voloshin; F. Wang; G. Wang; J. S. Wang; P. Wang; Y. Wang; Y. Wang; Z. Wang; J. C. Webb; P. C. Weidenkaff; L. Wen; G. D. Westfall; H. Wieman; S. W. Wissink; J. Wu; Y. Wu; B. Xi; Z. G. Xiao; G. Xie; W. Xie; H. Xu; N. Xu; Q. H. Xu; Y. Xu; Z. Xu; Z. Xu; C. Yang; Q. Yang; S. Yang; Y. Yang; Z. Ye; Z. Ye; L. Yi; K. Yip; Y. Yu; H. Zbroszczyk; W. Zha; C. Zhang; D. Zhang; J. Zhang; S. Zhang; S. Zhang; X. P. Zhang; Y. Zhang; Y. Zhang; Y. Zhang; Z. J. Zhang; Z. Zhang; Z. Zhang; J. Zhao; C. Zhou; X. Zhu; Z. Zhu; M. Zurek; M. Zyzak

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.262301

Measurement of the Sixth-Order Cumulant of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at s NN =27, 54.4, and 200 GeV at RHIC

M. S. Abdallah
, J. Adam
, L. Adamczyk
, J. R. Adams
, J. K. Adkins
, G. Agakishiev
, I. Aggarwal
, M. M. Aggarwal
, Z. Ahammed
, I. Alekseev
, D. M. Anderson
, A. Aparin
, E. C. Aschenauer
, M. U. Ashraf
, F. G. Atetalla
, A. Attri
, G. S. Averichev
, V. Bairathi
, W. Baker
, J. G. Ball Cap

K. Barish, A. Behera, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, I. G. Bordyuzhin, J. D. Brandenburg, A. V. Brandin, I. Bunzarov, J. Butterworth, X. Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón De La Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B. K. Chan, F. H. Chang, Z. Chang, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, D. Chen, J. Chen, J. H. Chen, X. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Chevalier, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H. J. Crawford, M. Csanád, M. Daugherity, T. G. Dedovich, I. M. Deppner, A. A. Derevschikov, A. Dhamija, L. Di Carlo, L. Didenko, X. Dong, J. L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J. C. Dunlop, N. Elsey, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, A. Ewigleben, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, F. M. Fawzi, S. Fazio, P. Federic, J. Fedorisin, C. J. Feng, Y. Feng, P. Filip, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, A. Francisco, C. Fu, L. Fulek, C. A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. I. Hamad, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M. D. Harasty, J. W. Harris, H. Harrison, S. He, W. He, X. H. He, Y. He, S. Heppelmann, S. Heppelmann, N. Herrmann, E. Hoffman, L. Holub, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H. Z. Huang, S. L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T. J. Humanic, G. Igo, D. Isenhower, W. W. Jacobs, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, K. Jiang, X. Ju, E. G. Judd, S. Kabana, M. L. Kabir, S. Kagamaster, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, H. W. Ke, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, Y. V. Khyzhniak, D. P. Kikoła, C. Kim, B. Kimelman, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, A. G. Knospe, L. Kochenda, L. K. Kosarzewski, L. Kramarik, P. Kravtsov, L. Kumar, S. Kumar, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, J. H. Kwasizur, R. Lacey, S. Lan, J. M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, J. H. Lee, Y. H. Leung, C. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, M. A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, H. Liu, P. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W. J. Llope, R. S. Longacre, E. Loyd, N. S. Lukow, X. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y. G. Ma, N. Magdy, R. Majka, D. Mallick, S. Margetis, C. Markert, H. S. Matis, J. A. Mazer, N. G. Minaev, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, M. M. Mondal, I. Mooney, D. A. Morozov, A. Mukherjee, M. Nagy, J. D. Nam, Md Nasim, K. Nayak, D. Neff, J. M. Nelson, D. B. Nemes, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, R. Nishitani, L. V. Nogach, T. Nonaka, A. S. Nunes, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, V. A. Okorokov, B. S. Page, R. Pak, A. Pandav, A. K. Pandey, Y. Panebratsev, P. Parfenov, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, H. Pei, C. Perkins, L. Pinsky, R. L. Pintér, J. Pluta, B. R. Pokhrel, G. Ponimatkin, J. Porter, M. Posik, V. Prozorova, N. K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, H. Qiu, A. Quintero, C. Racz, S. K. Radhakrishnan, N. Raha, R. L. Ray, R. Reed, H. G. Ritter, M. Robotkova, O. V. Rogachevskiy, J. L. Romero, L. Ruan, J. Rusnak, N. R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, S. Sato, W. B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, B. R. Schweid, F. Seck, J. Seger, M. Sergeeva, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, E. Shahaliev, P. V. Shanmuganathan, M. Shao, T. Shao, A. I. Sheikh, D. Shen, S. S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q. Y. Shou, E. P. Sichtermann, R. Sikora, M. Simko, J. Singh, S. Singha, M. J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, W. Solyst, P. Sorensen, H. M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, T. D.S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D. J. Stewart, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A. A.P. Suaide, M. Sumbera, B. Summa, X. M. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, D. N. Svirida, Z. W. Sweger, P. Szymanski, A. H. Tang, Z. Tang, A. Taranenko, T. Tarnowsky, J. H. Thomas, A. R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, M. Tokarev, C. A. Tomkiel, S. Trentalange, R. E. Tribble, P. Tribedy, S. K. Tripathy, T. Truhlar, B. A. Trzeciak, O. D. Tsai, Z. Tu, T. Ullrich, D. G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, A. N. Vasiliev, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S. Vokal, S. A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, P. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J. C. Webb, P. C. Weidenkaff, L. Wen, G. D. Westfall, H. Wieman, S. W. Wissink, J. Wu, Y. Wu, B. Xi, Z. G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Zhao, C. Zhou, X. Zhu, Z. Zhu, M. Zurek, M. Zyzak

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

48 Scopus citations

Abstract

According to first-principle lattice QCD calculations, the transition from quark-gluon plasma to hadronic matter is a smooth crossover in the region μB≤Tc. In this range the ratio, C6/C2, of net-baryon distributions are predicted to be negative. In this Letter, we report the first measurement of the midrapidity net-proton C6/C2 from 27, 54.4, and 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The dependence on collision centrality and kinematic acceptance in (pT, y) are analyzed. While for 27 and 54.4 GeV collisions the C6/C2 values are close to zero within uncertainties, it is observed that for 200 GeV collisions, the C6/C2 ratio becomes progressively negative from peripheral to central collisions. Transport model calculations without critical dynamics predict mostly positive values except for the most central collisions within uncertainties. These observations seem to favor a smooth crossover in the high-energy nuclear collisions at top RHIC energy.

Original language	English
Article number	262301
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	127
Issue number	26
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.262301
State	Published - Dec 24 2021

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Physical Society.

Funding

We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Office of Nuclear Physics within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Science, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the Chinese Ministry of Education, the Higher Education Sprout Project by Ministry of Education at NCKU, the National Research Foundation of Korea, Czech Science Foundation and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office, New National Excellency Programme of the Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities, Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, RosAtom of Russia and German Bundesministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung and Technologie (BMBF), Helmholtz Association, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

Funders	Funder number
Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities
National Research Foundation of Korea
Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
Narodowe Centrum Nauki
Grantová Agentura České Republiky
U.S. Department of Energy Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Oak Ridge National Laboratory Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment National Science Foundation National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center National Natural Science Foundation of China
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal
Ministry for Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Ministry of Education at NCKU
RosAtom of Russia and German Bundesministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung and Technologie
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology
Ministarstvo Obrazovanja, Znanosti i Sporta
Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Science Foundation Office of International Science and Engineering
Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering
Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research	19H05598
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Physics and Astronomy

Access to Document

10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.262301

Cite this

Abdallah, M. S., Adam, J., Adamczyk, L., Adams, J. R., Adkins, J. K., Agakishiev, G., Aggarwal, I., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Alekseev, I., Anderson, D. M., Aparin, A., Aschenauer, E. C., Ashraf, M. U., Atetalla, F. G., Attri, A., Averichev, G. S., Bairathi, V., Baker, W., ... Zyzak, M. (2021). Measurement of the Sixth-Order Cumulant of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at s NN =27, 54.4, and 200 GeV at RHIC. Physical Review Letters, 127(26), Article 262301. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.262301

@article{ebffbba4d4ab4505bc147202867ea012,

title = "Measurement of the Sixth-Order Cumulant of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at s NN =27, 54.4, and 200 GeV at RHIC",

abstract = "According to first-principle lattice QCD calculations, the transition from quark-gluon plasma to hadronic matter is a smooth crossover in the region μB≤Tc. In this range the ratio, C6/C2, of net-baryon distributions are predicted to be negative. In this Letter, we report the first measurement of the midrapidity net-proton C6/C2 from 27, 54.4, and 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The dependence on collision centrality and kinematic acceptance in (pT, y) are analyzed. While for 27 and 54.4 GeV collisions the C6/C2 values are close to zero within uncertainties, it is observed that for 200 GeV collisions, the C6/C2 ratio becomes progressively negative from peripheral to central collisions. Transport model calculations without critical dynamics predict mostly positive values except for the most central collisions within uncertainties. These observations seem to favor a smooth crossover in the high-energy nuclear collisions at top RHIC energy.",

author = "Abdallah, \{M. S.\} and J. Adam and L. Adamczyk and Adams, \{J. R.\} and Adkins, \{J. K.\} and G. Agakishiev and I. Aggarwal and Aggarwal, \{M. M.\} and Z. Ahammed and I. Alekseev and Anderson, \{D. M.\} and A. Aparin and Aschenauer, \{E. C.\} and Ashraf, \{M. U.\} and Atetalla, \{F. G.\} and A. Attri and Averichev, \{G. S.\} and V. Bairathi and W. Baker and \{Ball Cap\}, \{J. G.\} and K. Barish and A. Behera and R. Bellwied and P. Bhagat and A. Bhasin and J. Bielcik and J. Bielcikova and Bordyuzhin, \{I. G.\} and Brandenburg, \{J. D.\} and Brandin, \{A. V.\} and I. Bunzarov and J. Butterworth and Cai, \{X. Z.\} and H. Caines and \{Calder{\'o}n De La Barca S{\'a}nchez\}, M. and D. Cebra and I. Chakaberia and P. Chaloupka and Chan, \{B. K.\} and Chang, \{F. H.\} and Z. Chang and N. Chankova-Bunzarova and A. Chatterjee and S. Chattopadhyay and D. Chen and J. Chen and Chen, \{J. H.\} and X. Chen and Z. Chen and J. Cheng and M. Chevalier and S. Choudhury and W. Christie and X. Chu and Crawford, \{H. J.\} and M. Csan{\'a}d and M. Daugherity and Dedovich, \{T. G.\} and Deppner, \{I. M.\} and Derevschikov, \{A. A.\} and A. Dhamija and \{Di Carlo\}, L. and L. Didenko and X. Dong and Drachenberg, \{J. L.\} and E. Duckworth and Dunlop, \{J. C.\} and N. Elsey and J. Engelage and G. Eppley and S. Esumi and O. Evdokimov and A. Ewigleben and O. Eyser and R. Fatemi and Fawzi, \{F. M.\} and S. Fazio and P. Federic and J. Fedorisin and Feng, \{C. J.\} and Y. Feng and P. Filip and E. Finch and Y. Fisyak and A. Francisco and C. Fu and L. Fulek and Gagliardi, \{C. A.\} and T. Galatyuk and F. Geurts and N. Ghimire and A. Gibson and K. Gopal and X. Gou and D. Grosnick and A. Gupta and W. Guryn and Hamad, \{A. I.\} and A. Hamed and Y. Han and S. Harabasz and Harasty, \{M. D.\} and Harris, \{J. W.\} and H. Harrison and S. He and W. He and He, \{X. H.\} and Y. He and S. Heppelmann and S. Heppelmann and N. Herrmann and E. Hoffman and L. Holub and Y. Hu and H. Huang and Huang, \{H. Z.\} and Huang, \{S. L.\} and T. Huang and X. Huang and Y. Huang and Humanic, \{T. J.\} and G. Igo and D. Isenhower and Jacobs, \{W. W.\} and C. Jena and A. Jentsch and Y. Ji and J. Jia and K. Jiang and X. Ju and Judd, \{E. G.\} and S. Kabana and Kabir, \{M. L.\} and S. Kagamaster and D. Kalinkin and K. Kang and D. Kapukchyan and K. Kauder and Ke, \{H. W.\} and D. Keane and A. Kechechyan and Khyzhniak, \{Y. V.\} and Kiko{\l}a, \{D. P.\} and C. Kim and B. Kimelman and D. Kincses and I. Kisel and A. Kiselev and Knospe, \{A. G.\} and L. Kochenda and Kosarzewski, \{L. K.\} and L. Kramarik and P. Kravtsov and L. Kumar and S. Kumar and \{Kunnawalkam Elayavalli\}, R. and Kwasizur, \{J. H.\} and R. Lacey and S. Lan and Landgraf, \{J. M.\} and J. Lauret and A. Lebedev and R. Lednicky and Lee, \{J. H.\} and Leung, \{Y. H.\} and C. Li and C. Li and W. Li and X. Li and Y. Li and X. Liang and Y. Liang and R. Licenik and T. Lin and Y. Lin and Lisa, \{M. A.\} and F. Liu and H. Liu and H. Liu and P. Liu and T. Liu and X. Liu and Y. Liu and Z. Liu and T. Ljubicic and Llope, \{W. J.\} and Longacre, \{R. S.\} and E. Loyd and Lukow, \{N. S.\} and X. Luo and L. Ma and R. Ma and Ma, \{Y. G.\} and N. Magdy and R. Majka and D. Mallick and S. Margetis and C. Markert and Matis, \{H. S.\} and Mazer, \{J. A.\} and Minaev, \{N. G.\} and S. Mioduszewski and B. Mohanty and Mondal, \{M. M.\} and I. Mooney and Morozov, \{D. A.\} and A. Mukherjee and M. Nagy and Nam, \{J. D.\} and Md Nasim and K. Nayak and D. Neff and Nelson, \{J. M.\} and Nemes, \{D. B.\} and M. Nie and G. Nigmatkulov and T. Niida and R. Nishitani and Nogach, \{L. V.\} and T. Nonaka and Nunes, \{A. S.\} and G. Odyniec and A. Ogawa and S. Oh and Okorokov, \{V. A.\} and Page, \{B. S.\} and R. Pak and A. Pandav and Pandey, \{A. K.\} and Y. Panebratsev and P. Parfenov and B. Pawlik and D. Pawlowska and H. Pei and C. Perkins and L. Pinsky and Pint{\'e}r, \{R. L.\} and J. Pluta and Pokhrel, \{B. R.\} and G. Ponimatkin and J. Porter and M. Posik and V. Prozorova and Pruthi, \{N. K.\} and M. Przybycien and J. Putschke and H. Qiu and A. Quintero and C. Racz and Radhakrishnan, \{S. K.\} and N. Raha and Ray, \{R. L.\} and R. Reed and Ritter, \{H. G.\} and M. Robotkova and Rogachevskiy, \{O. V.\} and Romero, \{J. L.\} and L. Ruan and J. Rusnak and Sahoo, \{N. R.\} and H. Sako and S. Salur and J. Sandweiss and S. Sato and Schmidke, \{W. B.\} and N. Schmitz and Schweid, \{B. R.\} and F. Seck and J. Seger and M. Sergeeva and R. Seto and P. Seyboth and N. Shah and E. Shahaliev and Shanmuganathan, \{P. V.\} and M. Shao and T. Shao and Sheikh, \{A. I.\} and D. Shen and Shi, \{S. S.\} and Y. Shi and Shou, \{Q. Y.\} and Sichtermann, \{E. P.\} and R. Sikora and M. Simko and J. Singh and S. Singha and Skoby, \{M. J.\} and N. Smirnov and Y. S{\"o}hngen and W. Solyst and P. Sorensen and Spinka, \{H. M.\} and B. Srivastava and Stanislaus, \{T. D.S.\} and M. Stefaniak and Stewart, \{D. J.\} and M. Strikhanov and B. Stringfellow and Suaide, \{A. A.P.\} and M. Sumbera and B. Summa and Sun, \{X. M.\} and X. Sun and Y. Sun and Y. Sun and B. Surrow and Svirida, \{D. N.\} and Sweger, \{Z. W.\} and P. Szymanski and Tang, \{A. H.\} and Z. Tang and A. Taranenko and T. Tarnowsky and Thomas, \{J. H.\} and Timmins, \{A. R.\} and D. Tlusty and T. Todoroki and M. Tokarev and Tomkiel, \{C. A.\} and S. Trentalange and Tribble, \{R. E.\} and P. Tribedy and Tripathy, \{S. K.\} and T. Truhlar and Trzeciak, \{B. A.\} and Tsai, \{O. D.\} and Z. Tu and T. Ullrich and Underwood, \{D. G.\} and I. Upsal and \{Van Buren\}, G. and J. Vanek and Vasiliev, \{A. N.\} and I. Vassiliev and V. Verkest and F. Videb{\ae}k and S. Vokal and Voloshin, \{S. A.\} and F. Wang and G. Wang and Wang, \{J. S.\} and P. Wang and Y. Wang and Y. Wang and Z. Wang and Webb, \{J. C.\} and Weidenkaff, \{P. C.\} and L. Wen and Westfall, \{G. D.\} and H. Wieman and Wissink, \{S. W.\} and J. Wu and Y. Wu and B. Xi and Xiao, \{Z. G.\} and G. Xie and W. Xie and H. Xu and N. Xu and Xu, \{Q. H.\} and Y. Xu and Z. Xu and Z. Xu and C. Yang and Q. Yang and S. Yang and Y. Yang and Z. Ye and Z. Ye and L. Yi and K. Yip and Y. Yu and H. Zbroszczyk and W. Zha and C. Zhang and D. Zhang and J. Zhang and S. Zhang and S. Zhang and Zhang, \{X. P.\} and Y. Zhang and Y. Zhang and Y. Zhang and Zhang, \{Z. J.\} and Z. Zhang and Z. Zhang and J. Zhao and C. Zhou and X. Zhu and Z. Zhu and M. Zurek and M. Zyzak",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 American Physical Society.",

year = "2021",

month = dec,

day = "24",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.262301",

language = "English",

volume = "127",

number = "26",

}

Abdallah, MS, Adam, J, Adamczyk, L, Adams, JR, Adkins, JK, Agakishiev, G, Aggarwal, I, Aggarwal, MM, Ahammed, Z, Alekseev, I, Anderson, DM, Aparin, A, Aschenauer, EC, Ashraf, MU, Atetalla, FG, Attri, A, Averichev, GS, Bairathi, V, Baker, W, Ball Cap, JG, Barish, K, Behera, A, Bellwied, R, Bhagat, P, Bhasin, A, Bielcik, J, Bielcikova, J, Bordyuzhin, IG, Brandenburg, JD, Brandin, AV, Bunzarov, I, Butterworth, J, Cai, XZ, Caines, H, Calderón De La Barca Sánchez, M, Cebra, D, Chakaberia, I, Chaloupka, P, Chan, BK, Chang, FH, Chang, Z, Chankova-Bunzarova, N, Chatterjee, A, Chattopadhyay, S, Chen, D, Chen, J, Chen, JH, Chen, X, Chen, Z, Cheng, J, Chevalier, M, Choudhury, S, Christie, W, Chu, X, Crawford, HJ, Csanád, M, Daugherity, M, Dedovich, TG, Deppner, IM, Derevschikov, AA, Dhamija, A, Di Carlo, L, Didenko, L, Dong, X, Drachenberg, JL, Duckworth, E, Dunlop, JC, Elsey, N, Engelage, J, Eppley, G, Esumi, S, Evdokimov, O, Ewigleben, A, Eyser, O, Fatemi, R, Fawzi, FM, Fazio, S, Federic, P, Fedorisin, J, Feng, CJ, Feng, Y, Filip, P, Finch, E, Fisyak, Y, Francisco, A, Fu, C, Fulek, L, Gagliardi, CA, Galatyuk, T, Geurts, F, Ghimire, N, Gibson, A, Gopal, K, Gou, X, Grosnick, D, Gupta, A, Guryn, W, Hamad, AI, Hamed, A, Han, Y, Harabasz, S, Harasty, MD, Harris, JW, Harrison, H, He, S, He, W, He, XH, He, Y, Heppelmann, S, Heppelmann, S, Herrmann, N, Hoffman, E, Holub, L, Hu, Y, Huang, H, Huang, HZ, Huang, SL, Huang, T, Huang, X, Huang, Y, Humanic, TJ, Igo, G, Isenhower, D, Jacobs, WW, Jena, C, Jentsch, A, Ji, Y, Jia, J, Jiang, K, Ju, X, Judd, EG, Kabana, S, Kabir, ML, Kagamaster, S, Kalinkin, D, Kang, K, Kapukchyan, D, Kauder, K, Ke, HW, Keane, D, Kechechyan, A, Khyzhniak, YV, Kikoła, DP, Kim, C, Kimelman, B, Kincses, D, Kisel, I, Kiselev, A, Knospe, AG, Kochenda, L, Kosarzewski, LK, Kramarik, L, Kravtsov, P, Kumar, L, Kumar, S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R, Kwasizur, JH, Lacey, R, Lan, S, Landgraf, JM, Lauret, J, Lebedev, A, Lednicky, R, Lee, JH, Leung, YH, Li, C, Li, C, Li, W, Li, X, Li, Y, Liang, X, Liang, Y, Licenik, R, Lin, T, Lin, Y, Lisa, MA, Liu, F, Liu, H, Liu, H, Liu, P, Liu, T, Liu, X, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Ljubicic, T, Llope, WJ, Longacre, RS, Loyd, E, Lukow, NS, Luo, X, Ma, L, Ma, R, Ma, YG, Magdy, N, Majka, R, Mallick, D, Margetis, S, Markert, C, Matis, HS, Mazer, JA, Minaev, NG, Mioduszewski, S, Mohanty, B, Mondal, MM, Mooney, I, Morozov, DA, Mukherjee, A, Nagy, M, Nam, JD, Nasim, M, Nayak, K, Neff, D, Nelson, JM, Nemes, DB, Nie, M, Nigmatkulov, G, Niida, T, Nishitani, R, Nogach, LV, Nonaka, T, Nunes, AS, Odyniec, G, Ogawa, A, Oh, S, Okorokov, VA, Page, BS, Pak, R, Pandav, A, Pandey, AK, Panebratsev, Y, Parfenov, P, Pawlik, B, Pawlowska, D, Pei, H, Perkins, C, Pinsky, L, Pintér, RL, Pluta, J, Pokhrel, BR, Ponimatkin, G, Porter, J, Posik, M, Prozorova, V, Pruthi, NK, Przybycien, M, Putschke, J, Qiu, H, Quintero, A, Racz, C, Radhakrishnan, SK, Raha, N, Ray, RL, Reed, R, Ritter, HG, Robotkova, M, Rogachevskiy, OV, Romero, JL, Ruan, L, Rusnak, J, Sahoo, NR, Sako, H, Salur, S, Sandweiss, J, Sato, S, Schmidke, WB, Schmitz, N, Schweid, BR, Seck, F, Seger, J, Sergeeva, M, Seto, R, Seyboth, P, Shah, N, Shahaliev, E, Shanmuganathan, PV, Shao, M, Shao, T, Sheikh, AI, Shen, D, Shi, SS, Shi, Y, Shou, QY, Sichtermann, EP, Sikora, R, Simko, M, Singh, J, Singha, S, Skoby, MJ, Smirnov, N, Söhngen, Y, Solyst, W, Sorensen, P, Spinka, HM, Srivastava, B, Stanislaus, TDS, Stefaniak, M, Stewart, DJ, Strikhanov, M, Stringfellow, B, Suaide, AAP, Sumbera, M, Summa, B, Sun, XM, Sun, X, Sun, Y, Sun, Y, Surrow, B, Svirida, DN, Sweger, ZW, Szymanski, P, Tang, AH, Tang, Z, Taranenko, A, Tarnowsky, T, Thomas, JH, Timmins, AR, Tlusty, D, Todoroki, T, Tokarev, M, Tomkiel, CA, Trentalange, S, Tribble, RE, Tribedy, P, Tripathy, SK, Truhlar, T, Trzeciak, BA, Tsai, OD, Tu, Z, Ullrich, T, Underwood, DG, Upsal, I, Van Buren, G, Vanek, J, Vasiliev, AN, Vassiliev, I, Verkest, V, Videbæk, F, Vokal, S, Voloshin, SA, Wang, F, Wang, G, Wang, JS, Wang, P, Wang, Y, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Webb, JC, Weidenkaff, PC, Wen, L, Westfall, GD, Wieman, H, Wissink, SW, Wu, J, Wu, Y, Xi, B, Xiao, ZG, Xie, G, Xie, W, Xu, H, Xu, N, Xu, QH, Xu, Y, Xu, Z, Xu, Z, Yang, C, Yang, Q, Yang, S, Yang, Y, Ye, Z, Ye, Z, Yi, L, Yip, K, Yu, Y, Zbroszczyk, H, Zha, W, Zhang, C, Zhang, D, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, S, Zhang, XP, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Y, Zhang, ZJ, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Z, Zhao, J, Zhou, C, Zhu, X, Zhu, Z, Zurek, M & Zyzak, M 2021, 'Measurement of the Sixth-Order Cumulant of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at s NN =27, 54.4, and 200 GeV at RHIC', Physical Review Letters, vol. 127, no. 26, 262301. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.262301

TY - JOUR

T1 - Measurement of the Sixth-Order Cumulant of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at s NN =27, 54.4, and 200 GeV at RHIC

AU - Abdallah, M. S.

AU - Adam, J.

AU - Adamczyk, L.

AU - Adams, J. R.

AU - Adkins, J. K.

AU - Agakishiev, G.

AU - Aggarwal, I.

AU - Aggarwal, M. M.

AU - Ahammed, Z.

AU - Alekseev, I.

AU - Anderson, D. M.

AU - Aparin, A.

AU - Aschenauer, E. C.

AU - Ashraf, M. U.

AU - Atetalla, F. G.

AU - Attri, A.

AU - Averichev, G. S.

AU - Bairathi, V.

AU - Baker, W.

AU - Ball Cap, J. G.

AU - Barish, K.

AU - Behera, A.

AU - Bellwied, R.

AU - Bhagat, P.

AU - Bhasin, A.

AU - Bielcik, J.

AU - Bielcikova, J.

AU - Bordyuzhin, I. G.

AU - Brandenburg, J. D.

AU - Brandin, A. V.

AU - Bunzarov, I.

AU - Butterworth, J.

AU - Cai, X. Z.

AU - Caines, H.

AU - Calderón De La Barca Sánchez, M.

AU - Cebra, D.

AU - Chakaberia, I.

AU - Chaloupka, P.

AU - Chan, B. K.

AU - Chang, F. H.

AU - Chang, Z.

AU - Chankova-Bunzarova, N.

AU - Chatterjee, A.

AU - Chattopadhyay, S.

AU - Chen, D.

AU - Chen, J.

AU - Chen, J. H.

AU - Chen, X.

AU - Chen, Z.

AU - Cheng, J.

AU - Chevalier, M.

AU - Choudhury, S.

AU - Christie, W.

AU - Chu, X.

AU - Crawford, H. J.

AU - Csanád, M.

AU - Daugherity, M.

AU - Dedovich, T. G.

AU - Deppner, I. M.

AU - Derevschikov, A. A.

AU - Dhamija, A.

AU - Di Carlo, L.

AU - Didenko, L.

AU - Dong, X.

AU - Drachenberg, J. L.

AU - Duckworth, E.

AU - Dunlop, J. C.

AU - Elsey, N.

AU - Engelage, J.

AU - Eppley, G.

AU - Esumi, S.

AU - Evdokimov, O.

AU - Ewigleben, A.

AU - Eyser, O.

AU - Fatemi, R.

AU - Fawzi, F. M.

AU - Fazio, S.

AU - Federic, P.

AU - Fedorisin, J.

AU - Feng, C. J.

AU - Feng, Y.

AU - Filip, P.

AU - Finch, E.

AU - Fisyak, Y.

AU - Francisco, A.

AU - Fu, C.

AU - Fulek, L.

AU - Gagliardi, C. A.

AU - Galatyuk, T.

AU - Geurts, F.

AU - Ghimire, N.

AU - Gibson, A.

AU - Gopal, K.

AU - Gou, X.

AU - Grosnick, D.

AU - Gupta, A.

AU - Guryn, W.

AU - Hamad, A. I.

AU - Hamed, A.

AU - Han, Y.

AU - Harabasz, S.

AU - Harasty, M. D.

AU - Harris, J. W.

AU - Harrison, H.

AU - He, S.

AU - He, W.

AU - He, X. H.

AU - He, Y.

AU - Heppelmann, S.

AU - Herrmann, N.

AU - Hoffman, E.

AU - Holub, L.

AU - Hu, Y.

AU - Huang, H.

AU - Huang, H. Z.

AU - Huang, S. L.

AU - Huang, T.

AU - Huang, X.

AU - Huang, Y.

AU - Humanic, T. J.

AU - Igo, G.

AU - Isenhower, D.

AU - Jacobs, W. W.

AU - Jena, C.

AU - Jentsch, A.

AU - Ji, Y.

AU - Jia, J.

AU - Jiang, K.

AU - Ju, X.

AU - Judd, E. G.

AU - Kabana, S.

AU - Kabir, M. L.

AU - Kagamaster, S.

AU - Kalinkin, D.

AU - Kang, K.

AU - Kapukchyan, D.

AU - Kauder, K.

AU - Ke, H. W.

AU - Keane, D.

AU - Kechechyan, A.

AU - Khyzhniak, Y. V.

AU - Kikoła, D. P.

AU - Kim, C.

AU - Kimelman, B.

AU - Kincses, D.

AU - Kisel, I.

AU - Kiselev, A.

AU - Knospe, A. G.

AU - Kochenda, L.

AU - Kosarzewski, L. K.

AU - Kramarik, L.

AU - Kravtsov, P.

AU - Kumar, L.

AU - Kumar, S.

AU - Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R.

AU - Kwasizur, J. H.

AU - Lacey, R.

AU - Lan, S.

AU - Landgraf, J. M.

AU - Lauret, J.

AU - Lebedev, A.

AU - Lednicky, R.

AU - Lee, J. H.

AU - Leung, Y. H.

AU - Li, C.

AU - Li, W.

AU - Li, X.

AU - Li, Y.

AU - Liang, X.

AU - Liang, Y.

AU - Licenik, R.

AU - Lin, T.

AU - Lin, Y.

AU - Lisa, M. A.

AU - Liu, F.

AU - Liu, H.

AU - Liu, P.

AU - Liu, T.

AU - Liu, X.

AU - Liu, Y.

AU - Liu, Z.

AU - Ljubicic, T.

AU - Llope, W. J.

AU - Longacre, R. S.

AU - Loyd, E.

AU - Lukow, N. S.

AU - Luo, X.

AU - Ma, L.

AU - Ma, R.

AU - Ma, Y. G.

AU - Magdy, N.

AU - Majka, R.

AU - Mallick, D.

AU - Margetis, S.

AU - Markert, C.

AU - Matis, H. S.

AU - Mazer, J. A.

AU - Minaev, N. G.

AU - Mioduszewski, S.

AU - Mohanty, B.

AU - Mondal, M. M.

AU - Mooney, I.

AU - Morozov, D. A.

AU - Mukherjee, A.

AU - Nagy, M.

AU - Nam, J. D.

AU - Nasim, Md

AU - Nayak, K.

AU - Neff, D.

AU - Nelson, J. M.

AU - Nemes, D. B.

AU - Nie, M.

AU - Nigmatkulov, G.

AU - Niida, T.

AU - Nishitani, R.

AU - Nogach, L. V.

AU - Nonaka, T.

AU - Nunes, A. S.

AU - Odyniec, G.

AU - Ogawa, A.

AU - Oh, S.

AU - Okorokov, V. A.

AU - Page, B. S.

AU - Pak, R.

AU - Pandav, A.

AU - Pandey, A. K.

AU - Panebratsev, Y.

AU - Parfenov, P.

AU - Pawlik, B.

AU - Pawlowska, D.

AU - Pei, H.

AU - Perkins, C.

AU - Pinsky, L.

AU - Pintér, R. L.

AU - Pluta, J.

AU - Pokhrel, B. R.

AU - Ponimatkin, G.

AU - Porter, J.

AU - Posik, M.

AU - Prozorova, V.

AU - Pruthi, N. K.

AU - Przybycien, M.

AU - Putschke, J.

AU - Qiu, H.

AU - Quintero, A.

AU - Racz, C.

AU - Radhakrishnan, S. K.

AU - Raha, N.

AU - Ray, R. L.

AU - Reed, R.

AU - Ritter, H. G.

AU - Robotkova, M.

AU - Rogachevskiy, O. V.

AU - Romero, J. L.

AU - Ruan, L.

AU - Rusnak, J.

AU - Sahoo, N. R.

AU - Sako, H.

AU - Salur, S.

AU - Sandweiss, J.

AU - Sato, S.

AU - Schmidke, W. B.

AU - Schmitz, N.

AU - Schweid, B. R.

AU - Seck, F.

AU - Seger, J.

AU - Sergeeva, M.

AU - Seto, R.

AU - Seyboth, P.

AU - Shah, N.

AU - Shahaliev, E.

AU - Shanmuganathan, P. V.

AU - Shao, M.

AU - Shao, T.

AU - Sheikh, A. I.

AU - Shen, D.

AU - Shi, S. S.

AU - Shi, Y.

AU - Shou, Q. Y.

AU - Sichtermann, E. P.

AU - Sikora, R.

AU - Simko, M.

AU - Singh, J.

AU - Singha, S.

AU - Skoby, M. J.

AU - Smirnov, N.

AU - Söhngen, Y.

AU - Solyst, W.

AU - Sorensen, P.

AU - Spinka, H. M.

AU - Srivastava, B.

AU - Stanislaus, T. D.S.

AU - Stefaniak, M.

AU - Stewart, D. J.

AU - Strikhanov, M.

AU - Stringfellow, B.

AU - Suaide, A. A.P.

AU - Sumbera, M.

AU - Summa, B.

AU - Sun, X. M.

AU - Sun, X.

AU - Sun, Y.

AU - Surrow, B.

AU - Svirida, D. N.

AU - Sweger, Z. W.

AU - Szymanski, P.

AU - Tang, A. H.

AU - Tang, Z.

AU - Taranenko, A.

AU - Tarnowsky, T.

AU - Thomas, J. H.

AU - Timmins, A. R.

AU - Tlusty, D.

AU - Todoroki, T.

AU - Tokarev, M.

AU - Tomkiel, C. A.

AU - Trentalange, S.

AU - Tribble, R. E.

AU - Tribedy, P.

AU - Tripathy, S. K.

AU - Truhlar, T.

AU - Trzeciak, B. A.

AU - Tsai, O. D.

AU - Tu, Z.

AU - Ullrich, T.

AU - Underwood, D. G.

AU - Upsal, I.

AU - Van Buren, G.

AU - Vanek, J.

AU - Vasiliev, A. N.

AU - Vassiliev, I.

AU - Verkest, V.

AU - Videbæk, F.

AU - Vokal, S.

AU - Voloshin, S. A.

AU - Wang, F.

AU - Wang, G.

AU - Wang, J. S.

AU - Wang, P.

AU - Wang, Y.

AU - Wang, Z.

AU - Webb, J. C.

AU - Weidenkaff, P. C.

AU - Wen, L.

AU - Westfall, G. D.

AU - Wieman, H.

AU - Wissink, S. W.

AU - Wu, J.

AU - Wu, Y.

AU - Xi, B.

AU - Xiao, Z. G.

AU - Xie, G.

AU - Xie, W.

AU - Xu, H.

AU - Xu, N.

AU - Xu, Q. H.

AU - Xu, Y.

AU - Xu, Z.

AU - Yang, C.

AU - Yang, Q.

AU - Yang, S.

AU - Yang, Y.

AU - Ye, Z.

AU - Yi, L.

AU - Yip, K.

AU - Yu, Y.

AU - Zbroszczyk, H.

AU - Zha, W.

AU - Zhang, C.

AU - Zhang, D.

AU - Zhang, J.

AU - Zhang, S.

AU - Zhang, X. P.

AU - Zhang, Y.

AU - Zhang, Z. J.

AU - Zhang, Z.

AU - Zhao, J.

AU - Zhou, C.

AU - Zhu, X.

AU - Zhu, Z.

AU - Zurek, M.

AU - Zyzak, M.

PY - 2021/12/24

Y1 - 2021/12/24

N2 - According to first-principle lattice QCD calculations, the transition from quark-gluon plasma to hadronic matter is a smooth crossover in the region μB≤Tc. In this range the ratio, C6/C2, of net-baryon distributions are predicted to be negative. In this Letter, we report the first measurement of the midrapidity net-proton C6/C2 from 27, 54.4, and 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The dependence on collision centrality and kinematic acceptance in (pT, y) are analyzed. While for 27 and 54.4 GeV collisions the C6/C2 values are close to zero within uncertainties, it is observed that for 200 GeV collisions, the C6/C2 ratio becomes progressively negative from peripheral to central collisions. Transport model calculations without critical dynamics predict mostly positive values except for the most central collisions within uncertainties. These observations seem to favor a smooth crossover in the high-energy nuclear collisions at top RHIC energy.

AB - According to first-principle lattice QCD calculations, the transition from quark-gluon plasma to hadronic matter is a smooth crossover in the region μB≤Tc. In this range the ratio, C6/C2, of net-baryon distributions are predicted to be negative. In this Letter, we report the first measurement of the midrapidity net-proton C6/C2 from 27, 54.4, and 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The dependence on collision centrality and kinematic acceptance in (pT, y) are analyzed. While for 27 and 54.4 GeV collisions the C6/C2 values are close to zero within uncertainties, it is observed that for 200 GeV collisions, the C6/C2 ratio becomes progressively negative from peripheral to central collisions. Transport model calculations without critical dynamics predict mostly positive values except for the most central collisions within uncertainties. These observations seem to favor a smooth crossover in the high-energy nuclear collisions at top RHIC energy.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85122532998

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85122532998#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.262301

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.262301

M3 - Article

C2 - 35029466

AN - SCOPUS:85122532998

SN - 0031-9007

VL - 127

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

IS - 26

M1 - 262301

ER -

Measurement of the Sixth-Order Cumulant of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at s NN =27, 54.4, and 200 GeV at RHIC

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