Mendelian randomization analysis does not support causal associations of birth weight with hypertension risk and blood pressure in adulthood

  • Yan Zheng
  • , Tao Huang
  • , Tiange Wang
  • , Zhendong Mei
  • , Zhonghan Sun
  • , Tao Zhang
  • , Christina Ellervik
  • , Jin Fang Chai
  • , Xueling Sim
  • , Rob M. van Dam
  • , E. Shyong Tai
  • , Woon Puay Koh
  • , Rajkumar Dorajoo
  • , Seang Mei Saw
  • , Charumathi Sabanayagam
  • , Tien Yin Wong
  • , Preeti Gupta
  • , Peter Rossing
  • , Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia
  • , Rebecca K. Vinding
  • Hans Bisgaard, Klaus Bønnelykke, Yujie Wang, Mariaelisa Graff, Trudy Voortman, Frank J.A. van Rooij, Albert Hofman, Diana van Heemst, Raymond Noordam, Angela C. Estampador, Tibor V. Varga, Cornelia Enzenbach, Markus Scholz, Joachim Thiery, Ralph Burkhardt, Marju Orho-Melander, Christina Alexandra Schulz, Ulrika Ericson, Emily Sonestedt, Michiaki Kubo, Masato Akiyama, Ang Zhou, Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen, Torben Hansen, Marcus E. Kleber, Graciela Delgado, Mark McCarthy, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Janine F. Felix, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe, Ying Wu, Karen L. Mohlke, Terho Lehtimäki, Carol A. Wang, Craig E. Pennell, Heribert Schunkert, Thorsten Kessler, Lingyao Zeng, Christina Willenborg, Annette Peters, Wolfgang Lieb, Veit Grote, Peter Rzehak, Berthold Koletzko, Jeanette Erdmann, Matthias Munz, Tangchun Wu, Meian He, Caizheng Yu, Cécile Lecoeur, Philippe Froguel, Dolores Corella, Luis A. Moreno, Chao Qiang Lai, Niina Pitkänen, Colin A. Boreham, Paul M. Ridker, Frits R. Rosendaal, Renée de Mutsert, Chris Power, Lavinia Paternoster, Thorkild I.A. Sørensen, Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, Luc Djousse, Fernando Rivadeneira, Nanette R. Lee, Olli T. Raitakari, Mika Kähönen, Jorma Viikari, Jean Paul Langhendries, Joaquin Escribano, Elvira Verduci, George Dedoussis, Inke König, Beverley Balkau, Oscar Coltell, Jean Dallongeville, Aline Meirhaeghe, Philippe Amouyel, Frédéric Gottrand, Katja Pahkala, Harri Niinikoski, Elina Hyppönen, Winfried März, David A. Mackey, Dariusz Gruszfeld, Katherine L. Tucker, Frédéric Fumeron, Ramon Estruch, Jose M. Ordovas, Donna K. Arnett, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Dariush Mozaffarian, Bruce M. Psaty, Kari E. North, Daniel I. Chasman, Lu Qi

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Epidemiology studies suggested that low birthweight was associated with a higher risk of hypertension in later life. However, little is known about the causality of such associations. In our study, we evaluated the causal association of low birthweight with adulthood hypertension following a standard analytic protocol using the study-level data of 183,433 participants from 60 studies (CHARGE-BIG consortium), as well as that with blood pressure using publicly available summary-level genome-wide association data from EGG consortium of 153,781 participants, ICBP consortium and UK Biobank cohort together of 757,601 participants. We used seven SNPs as the instrumental variable in the study-level analysis and 47 SNPs in the summary-level analysis. In the study-level analyses, decreased birthweight was associated with a higher risk of hypertension in adults (the odds ratio per 1 standard deviation (SD) lower birthweight, 1.22; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.28), while no association was found between genetically instrumented birthweight and hypertension risk (instrumental odds ratio for causal effect per 1 SD lower birthweight, 0.97; 95% CI 0.68 to 1.41). Such results were consistent with that from the summary-level analyses, where the genetically determined low birthweight was not associated with blood pressure measurements either. One SD lower genetically determined birthweight was not associated with systolic blood pressure (β = − 0.76, 95% CI − 2.45 to 1.08 mmHg), 0.06 mmHg lower diastolic blood pressure (β = − 0.06, 95% CI − 0.93 to 0.87 mmHg), or pulse pressure (β = − 0.65, 95% CI − 1.38 to 0.69 mmHg, all p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that the inverse association of birthweight with hypertension risk from observational studies was not supported by large Mendelian randomization analyses.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)685-697
Number of pages13
JournalEuropean Journal of Epidemiology
Volume35
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 1 2020

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Springer Nature B.V.

Funding

This work was supported by Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2017SHZDZX01) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC1304801). YZ was supported by the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning. For the funding information of each study within CHARGE-BIG consortium, please see Supplemental Table 8. Acknowledgements We thank the staff and the participants of the studies for their valuable contributions for their important contributions. We thank the following individuals for their assistance with data collection and analysis: Andre G. Uitterlinden (University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany), Chiea-Chuen Khor (Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore), Christian Hengstenberg (Technische Universit?t M?nchen, Germany), Fernando Rivadeneira (University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands), Jianjun Liu (Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore), JianMin Yuan (University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, USA), Lise Tarnow (University of Copenhagen, Hiller?d, Denmark), Markus Loeffler (University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany), Oluf Pedersen (University of Copenhagen, Denmark), Oscar Franco (Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands), Paul Franks (Lund University, Sk?ne University Hospital Malm?, Malm?, Sweden), ShuPei Tan (Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore), Thomas Meitinger (Helmholtz Zentrum M?nchen?German Research Center for Environmental Health, Germany), Tine Marie Pedersen (University of Copenhagen, Denmark), Wanting Zhao (Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore), Yik-Ying Teo (National University of Singapore, Singapore), Yoichiro Kamatani (RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Japan), Yuan Shi (Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore), Ilja Demuth (Charit? - Universit?tsmedizin Berlin, Germany), Lars Bertram (Technische Universit?t M?nchen, Germany), Linda S. Adair (University of North Carolina, USA), Cyrus Cooper (University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK), Hazel Inskip (University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK), Sarah Crozier (University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK), Elaine Dennison (MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton, UK), and Karen Jameson (MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton, UK)

FundersFunder number
Elaine Dennison
Karen Jameson
Lars Bertram
Markus Loeffler
Singapore National Eye Centre
Southampton General Hospital
Thomas Meitinger
Yuan Shi
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)R01HL034594
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
Medical Research Council
University of Southampton Medical School and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
Agency for Science Technology and Research
National University Hospital, Singapore
Københavns Universitet
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality2017SHZDZX01
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality
Technische Universität München
Universität Leipzig
National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China2016YFC1304801
National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China
Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning

    Keywords

    • Birthweight
    • Blood pressure
    • Causal association
    • Hypertension
    • Mendelian randomization

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Epidemiology

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