Men's help seeking: Examination of differences across community size, education, and income

Joseph H. Hammer, David L. Vogel, Sarah R. Heimerdinger-Edwards

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

84 Citations (SciVal)

Abstract

The present study examined the relationships between traditional Western masculine norms, self-stigma, and attitudes toward counseling among 4,748 men from different community sizes, and different education and income levels. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses suggest that, across all male subgroups, masculine norms were linked to self-stigma and, in turn, attitudes toward counseling. However, several clear differences in the strengths of the relationships between model variables were found, including a relationship between masculine norms and self-stigma that was twice as strong for rural men than for other men. The importance of attending to the varying relationships among masculine norm conformity, self-stigma, and help-seeking attitudes for men from these diverse demographic backgrounds-in the context of clinical practice, prevention, and future research-is discussed.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)65-75
Number of pages11
JournalPsychology of Men and Masculinity
Volume14
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2013

Keywords

  • Help seeking
  • Masculine norms
  • Rural
  • Self-stigma

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Gender Studies
  • Social Psychology
  • Applied Psychology
  • Life-span and Life-course Studies

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