Microfabrication of screen-printed nanoliter vials with embedded surface-modified electrodes

Jeffrey S. Lenihan; J. Christopher Ball; Vasilis G. Gavalas; Janet K. Lumpp; John Hines; Sylvia Daunert; Leonidas G. Bachas

doi:10.1007/s00216-006-0893-4

Microfabrication of screen-printed nanoliter vials with embedded surface-modified electrodes

Jeffrey S. Lenihan, J. Christopher Ball, Vasilis G. Gavalas, Janet K. Lumpp, John Hines, Sylvia Daunert, Leonidas G. Bachas

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

A self-contained ion-selective sensing system within a nanoliter-volume vial has been developed by integrating screen printing, laser ablation, and molecular imprinting techniques. Screen printing and laser ablation are used in tandem to fabricate nanoliter-volume vials with carbon and Ag/AgCl ring electrodes embedded in the sidewalls. Using multisweep cyclic voltammetry, the surface of the carbon electrode can be modified with a polypyrrole film. By polymerizing pyrrole in the presence of nitrate, pores complementary to the nitrate anion in size, shape, and charge distribution are formed in the resulting film. Electrochemical cells modified with this nitrate-imprinted polypyrrole film show a near-Nernstian response to nitrate, and excellent reproducibility. The integration of molecular recognition and electrochemical response in the nanoliter vials is demonstrated by the detection of as little as 0.36 ng nitrate in nanoliter-volume samples. The integration of tailored molecular recognition within nanoliter vials via established fabrication and imprinting protocols should result in a number of nanosensor devices with applications in BioMEMS and micro total analysis systems.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	259-265
Number of pages	7
Journal	Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
Volume	387
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0893-4
State	Published - Jan 2007

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgment The authors wish to thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Kentucky Research Challenge Trust Fund, and the National Science Foundation IGERT program for funding this work.

Keywords

Ion-selective sensing
Microfabrication
Nanoliter vials

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry

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10.1007/s00216-006-0893-4

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title = "Microfabrication of screen-printed nanoliter vials with embedded surface-modified electrodes",

abstract = "A self-contained ion-selective sensing system within a nanoliter-volume vial has been developed by integrating screen printing, laser ablation, and molecular imprinting techniques. Screen printing and laser ablation are used in tandem to fabricate nanoliter-volume vials with carbon and Ag/AgCl ring electrodes embedded in the sidewalls. Using multisweep cyclic voltammetry, the surface of the carbon electrode can be modified with a polypyrrole film. By polymerizing pyrrole in the presence of nitrate, pores complementary to the nitrate anion in size, shape, and charge distribution are formed in the resulting film. Electrochemical cells modified with this nitrate-imprinted polypyrrole film show a near-Nernstian response to nitrate, and excellent reproducibility. The integration of molecular recognition and electrochemical response in the nanoliter vials is demonstrated by the detection of as little as 0.36 ng nitrate in nanoliter-volume samples. The integration of tailored molecular recognition within nanoliter vials via established fabrication and imprinting protocols should result in a number of nanosensor devices with applications in BioMEMS and micro total analysis systems.",

keywords = "Ion-selective sensing, Microfabrication, Nanoliter vials",

author = "Lenihan, {Jeffrey S.} and Ball, {J. Christopher} and Gavalas, {Vasilis G.} and Lumpp, {Janet K.} and John Hines and Sylvia Daunert and Bachas, {Leonidas G.}",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgment The authors wish to thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Kentucky Research Challenge Trust Fund, and the National Science Foundation IGERT program for funding this work.",

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AU - Gavalas, Vasilis G.

AU - Lumpp, Janet K.

AU - Hines, John

AU - Daunert, Sylvia

AU - Bachas, Leonidas G.

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N2 - A self-contained ion-selective sensing system within a nanoliter-volume vial has been developed by integrating screen printing, laser ablation, and molecular imprinting techniques. Screen printing and laser ablation are used in tandem to fabricate nanoliter-volume vials with carbon and Ag/AgCl ring electrodes embedded in the sidewalls. Using multisweep cyclic voltammetry, the surface of the carbon electrode can be modified with a polypyrrole film. By polymerizing pyrrole in the presence of nitrate, pores complementary to the nitrate anion in size, shape, and charge distribution are formed in the resulting film. Electrochemical cells modified with this nitrate-imprinted polypyrrole film show a near-Nernstian response to nitrate, and excellent reproducibility. The integration of molecular recognition and electrochemical response in the nanoliter vials is demonstrated by the detection of as little as 0.36 ng nitrate in nanoliter-volume samples. The integration of tailored molecular recognition within nanoliter vials via established fabrication and imprinting protocols should result in a number of nanosensor devices with applications in BioMEMS and micro total analysis systems.

AB - A self-contained ion-selective sensing system within a nanoliter-volume vial has been developed by integrating screen printing, laser ablation, and molecular imprinting techniques. Screen printing and laser ablation are used in tandem to fabricate nanoliter-volume vials with carbon and Ag/AgCl ring electrodes embedded in the sidewalls. Using multisweep cyclic voltammetry, the surface of the carbon electrode can be modified with a polypyrrole film. By polymerizing pyrrole in the presence of nitrate, pores complementary to the nitrate anion in size, shape, and charge distribution are formed in the resulting film. Electrochemical cells modified with this nitrate-imprinted polypyrrole film show a near-Nernstian response to nitrate, and excellent reproducibility. The integration of molecular recognition and electrochemical response in the nanoliter vials is demonstrated by the detection of as little as 0.36 ng nitrate in nanoliter-volume samples. The integration of tailored molecular recognition within nanoliter vials via established fabrication and imprinting protocols should result in a number of nanosensor devices with applications in BioMEMS and micro total analysis systems.

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Microfabrication of screen-printed nanoliter vials with embedded surface-modified electrodes

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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