TY - JOUR
T1 - Milk intake at midlife and cognitive decline over 20 years. The atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study
AU - Petruski-Ivleva, Natalia
AU - Kucharska-Newton, Anna
AU - Palta, Priya
AU - Couper, David
AU - Meyer, Katie
AU - Graff, Misa
AU - Haring, Bernhard
AU - Sharrett, Richey
AU - Heiss, Gerardo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2017/10/17
Y1 - 2017/10/17
N2 - Background: Faster rates of cognitive decline are likely to result in earlier onset of cognitive impairment and dementia.D-galactose, a derivative of lactose, is used in animal studies to induce neurodegeneration. Milk is the primary source of lactose in the human diet, and its effects on cognitive decline have not been fully evaluated. Objective: Assess the association of milk intake with change in cognitive function over 20 years. Methods: A total of 13,751 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort completed a food frequency questionnaire and three neurocognitive evaluations from 1990 through 2013. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to determine lactase persistence (LCT-13910 C/T for Whites and LCT-14010 G/C for Blacks). Mixed-effects models were used to study the association of milk intake with cognitive change. Multiple imputations by chained equations were used to account for attrition. Results: Milk intake greater than 1 glass/day was associated with greater decline in the global z-score over a 20-year period. The difference in decline was 0.10 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.03) z-scores, or an additional 10% decline, relative to the group reporting “almost never” consuming milk. Conclusions: Replication of these results is warranted in diverse populations with greater milk intake and higher variability of lactase persistence genotype.
AB - Background: Faster rates of cognitive decline are likely to result in earlier onset of cognitive impairment and dementia.D-galactose, a derivative of lactose, is used in animal studies to induce neurodegeneration. Milk is the primary source of lactose in the human diet, and its effects on cognitive decline have not been fully evaluated. Objective: Assess the association of milk intake with change in cognitive function over 20 years. Methods: A total of 13,751 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort completed a food frequency questionnaire and three neurocognitive evaluations from 1990 through 2013. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to determine lactase persistence (LCT-13910 C/T for Whites and LCT-14010 G/C for Blacks). Mixed-effects models were used to study the association of milk intake with cognitive change. Multiple imputations by chained equations were used to account for attrition. Results: Milk intake greater than 1 glass/day was associated with greater decline in the global z-score over a 20-year period. The difference in decline was 0.10 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.03) z-scores, or an additional 10% decline, relative to the group reporting “almost never” consuming milk. Conclusions: Replication of these results is warranted in diverse populations with greater milk intake and higher variability of lactase persistence genotype.
KW - Aging
KW - Cognitive decline
KW - Dementia
KW - Lactase persistence
KW - Lactose
KW - Oxidative stress
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U2 - 10.3390/nu9101134
DO - 10.3390/nu9101134
M3 - Article
C2 - 29039795
AN - SCOPUS:85032860908
SN - 2072-6643
VL - 9
JO - Nutrients
JF - Nutrients
IS - 10
M1 - 1134
ER -