Abstract
An Excel-based spreadsheet model has been developed to delineate ventilation rate (VR), supplemental heat need (Hs), balance temperature (tbal, outdoor temperature below which Hs is required to maintain the desired indoor temperature), energy use and cost for Hs in alternative (aviary and enriched colony) vs. conventional cage laying-hen houses. The model was applied to the Midwestern U.S. housing characteristics (same land footprint) and winter weather conditions (-30°C to 5°C ambient temperature, and a constant relative humidity or RH of 70%). Effects of hen stocking density, target indoor temperature and RH (ti, RHi), building insulation, and light period vs. dark period on VR, tbal and Hs were examined.For the housing characteristics considered and target indoor condition of 25°C and 60% RH, tbal for the alternative housing systems was found to be 2.0-2.6°C higher than that for the conventional cage counterpart. The supplemental heater capacity would need to be 20.5-22.0kW per 10,000 hens for the aviary houses (107,000-hen capacity) and 17.6kW per 10,000 hens for the enriched colony house (124,000-hen capacity). Annual Hs was estimated to be 0.09 and 0.12MJ[kgegg]-1 for the enriched and aviary houses, respectively. The corresponding Hs cost (in US dollars) would be, respectively, 0.11 and 0.15 US cent[kgegg]-1 at a wholesale liquid propane (LP) fuel price of $0.32l-1 ($1.21gal-1) or 0.26 and 0.35 US cent[kgegg]-1 at a retail LP fuel price of $0.75l-1 ($2.84gal-1). Among all the influencing factors considered, ti and RHi setpoints had more pronounced impacts on tbal and Hs. The analysis indicated that Hs energy cost for the alternative housing systems in the Midwestern USA is less than 0.3% of the total production cost. The simulation model was validated with measured heating energy use by a commercial aviary house in northern Iowa and the difference between the predicted and field-measured Hs values was less than 5%. This interactive model can be readily used for analysis of other laying-hen housing, climatic conditions, and/or management scenarios.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 311-323 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Biosystems Engineering |
Volume | 115 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 2013 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Funding for the study was supported in part by the USDA-NIFA Programme ( 2011-67021-20223 ) and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences of Iowa State University . Assistance with data collection provided by Sarah Johnson, Matt Stinn, Yongxing Chen, Kyle Dresback and Koryne Carlson and the laying-hen farm staff is appreciated.
Funding
Funding for the study was supported in part by the USDA-NIFA Programme ( 2011-67021-20223 ) and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences of Iowa State University . Assistance with data collection provided by Sarah Johnson, Matt Stinn, Yongxing Chen, Kyle Dresback and Koryne Carlson and the laying-hen farm staff is appreciated.
Funders | Funder number |
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USDA NIFA | 2011-67021-20223 |
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Food Science
- Agronomy and Crop Science
- Control and Systems Engineering
- Soil Science