Molecular and Cellular Immune Responses to Ischemic Brain Injury

Hilary A. Seifert; Keith R. Pennypacker

doi:10.1007/s12975-014-0349-7

Molecular and Cellular Immune Responses to Ischemic Brain Injury

Hilary A. Seifert, Keith R. Pennypacker

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

87 Scopus citations

Abstract

Despite extensive research into stroke pathology, there have not been any major recent advancements in stroke therapeutics. Animal models of cerebral ischemia and clinical data have been used to investigate the progressive neural injury that occurs after an initial ischemic insult. This has lead researchers to focus more on the peripheral immune response that is generated as a result of cerebral ischemia. The therapies that have been developed as a result of this research thus far have proven ineffective in clinical trials. The failure of these therapeutics in clinical trials is thought to be due to the broad immunosuppression elicited as a result of the treatments and the cerebral ischemia itself. Emerging evidence indicates a more selective modulation of the immune system following stroke could be beneficial. The spleen has been shown to exacerbate neural injury following experimental stroke and would provide a strong therapeutic target. Selecting facets of the immune system to target would allow the protective and regenerative properties of the immune response to remain intact while blunting the pro-inflammatory response generated towards the injured brain.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	543-553
Number of pages	11
Journal	Translational Stroke Research
Volume	5
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-014-0349-7
State	Published - Oct 2014

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health – National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (RO1-NS052839).

Funding

Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health – National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (RO1-NS052839).

Funders	Funder number
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke	R01NS052839

Keywords

Interferon gamma
Spleen
Stroke
T cells

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Neuroscience
Clinical Neurology
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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10.1007/s12975-014-0349-7

Cite this

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title = "Molecular and Cellular Immune Responses to Ischemic Brain Injury",

abstract = "Despite extensive research into stroke pathology, there have not been any major recent advancements in stroke therapeutics. Animal models of cerebral ischemia and clinical data have been used to investigate the progressive neural injury that occurs after an initial ischemic insult. This has lead researchers to focus more on the peripheral immune response that is generated as a result of cerebral ischemia. The therapies that have been developed as a result of this research thus far have proven ineffective in clinical trials. The failure of these therapeutics in clinical trials is thought to be due to the broad immunosuppression elicited as a result of the treatments and the cerebral ischemia itself. Emerging evidence indicates a more selective modulation of the immune system following stroke could be beneficial. The spleen has been shown to exacerbate neural injury following experimental stroke and would provide a strong therapeutic target. Selecting facets of the immune system to target would allow the protective and regenerative properties of the immune response to remain intact while blunting the pro-inflammatory response generated towards the injured brain.",

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AU - Seifert, Hilary A.

AU - Pennypacker, Keith R.

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health – National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (RO1-NS052839).

PY - 2014/10

Y1 - 2014/10

N2 - Despite extensive research into stroke pathology, there have not been any major recent advancements in stroke therapeutics. Animal models of cerebral ischemia and clinical data have been used to investigate the progressive neural injury that occurs after an initial ischemic insult. This has lead researchers to focus more on the peripheral immune response that is generated as a result of cerebral ischemia. The therapies that have been developed as a result of this research thus far have proven ineffective in clinical trials. The failure of these therapeutics in clinical trials is thought to be due to the broad immunosuppression elicited as a result of the treatments and the cerebral ischemia itself. Emerging evidence indicates a more selective modulation of the immune system following stroke could be beneficial. The spleen has been shown to exacerbate neural injury following experimental stroke and would provide a strong therapeutic target. Selecting facets of the immune system to target would allow the protective and regenerative properties of the immune response to remain intact while blunting the pro-inflammatory response generated towards the injured brain.

AB - Despite extensive research into stroke pathology, there have not been any major recent advancements in stroke therapeutics. Animal models of cerebral ischemia and clinical data have been used to investigate the progressive neural injury that occurs after an initial ischemic insult. This has lead researchers to focus more on the peripheral immune response that is generated as a result of cerebral ischemia. The therapies that have been developed as a result of this research thus far have proven ineffective in clinical trials. The failure of these therapeutics in clinical trials is thought to be due to the broad immunosuppression elicited as a result of the treatments and the cerebral ischemia itself. Emerging evidence indicates a more selective modulation of the immune system following stroke could be beneficial. The spleen has been shown to exacerbate neural injury following experimental stroke and would provide a strong therapeutic target. Selecting facets of the immune system to target would allow the protective and regenerative properties of the immune response to remain intact while blunting the pro-inflammatory response generated towards the injured brain.

KW - Interferon gamma

KW - Spleen

KW - Stroke

KW - T cells

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SN - 1868-4483

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JO - Translational Stroke Research

JF - Translational Stroke Research

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ER -

Molecular and Cellular Immune Responses to Ischemic Brain Injury

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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