Abstract
Endolysins are peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases that function as part of the bacteriophage (phage) lytic system to release progeny phage at the end of a replication cycle. Notably, endolysins alone can produce lysis without phage infection, which offers an attractive alternative to traditional antibiotics. Endolysins from phage that infect Gram-positive bacterial hosts contain at least one enzymatically active domain (EAD) responsible for hydrolysis of PG bonds and a cell wall binding domain (CBD) that binds a cell wall epitope, such as a surface carbohydrate, providing some degree of specificity for the endolysin. Whilst the EADs typically cluster into conserved mechanistic classes with welldefined active sites, relatively little is known about the nature of the CBDs and only a few binding epitopes for CBDs have been elucidated. The major cell wall components of many streptococci are the polysaccharides that contain the polyrhamnose (pRha) backbone modified with species-specific and serotype-specific glycosyl side chains. In this report, using molecular genetics, microscopy, flow cytometry and lytic activity assays, we demonstrate the interaction of PlyCB, the CBD subunit of the streptococcal PlyC endolysin, with the pRha backbone of the cell wall polysaccharides, Group A Carbohydrate (GAC) and serotype c-specific carbohydrate (SCC) expressed by the Group A Streptococcus and Streptococcus mutans, respectively.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2385-2397 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Biochemical Journal |
Volume | 478 |
Issue number | 12 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jun 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2021 The Author(s).
Funding
The H.C.D. laboratory is supported by Wellcome and Royal Society Grant 109357/Z/15/Z and the University of Dundee Wellcome Trust Funds 105606/Z/14/Z and Tenovus Scotland Large Research Grant [T17/17]. H.K. is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). V.A.F. is supported by Rockefeller University laboratory funds. N.K. is supported by NIH grants R01 DE028916 from the NIDCR and R01 AI143690 from the NIAID.
Funders | Funder number |
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University of Dundee Wellcome Trust | 105606/Z/14/Z |
Wellcome and Royal Society | 109357/Z/15/Z |
National Institutes of Health (NIH) | |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases | |
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research | R01 AI143690, R01DE028916 |
National Institute of Standards and Technology | |
Rockefeller University | |
Tenovus | T17/17 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology