Abstract
Implementing controlled geophysical research is imperative to understand the variables affecting detection of clandestine graves during real-life forensic searches. This study focused on monitoring two empty control graves (shallow and deep) and six burials containing a small pig carcass (. Sus scrofa) representing different burial forensic scenarios: a shallow buried naked carcass, a deep buried naked carcass, a deep buried carcass covered by a layer of rocks, a deep buried carcass covered by a layer of lime, a deep buried carcass wrapped in an impermeable tarpaulin and a deep buried carcass wrapped in a cotton blanket. Multi-frequency, ground penetrating radar (GPR) data were collected monthly over a 12-month monitoring period. The research site was a cleared field within a wooded area in a humid subtropical environment, and the soil consisted of a Spodosol, a common soil type in Florida. This study compared 2D GPR reflection profiles and horizontal time slices obtained with both 250 and 500. MHz dominant frequency antennae to determine the utility of both antennae for grave detection in this environment over time. Overall, a combination of both antennae frequencies provided optimal detection of the targets. Better images were noted for deep graves, compared to shallow graves. The 250. MHz antenna provided better images for detecting deep graves, as less non-target anomalies were produced with lower radar frequencies. The 250. MHz antenna also provided better images detecting the disturbed ground. Conversely, the 500. MHz antenna provided better images when detecting the shallow pig grave. The graves that contained a pig carcass with associated grave items provided the best results, particularly the carcass covered with rocks and the carcass wrapped in a tarpaulin. Finally, during periods of increased soil moisture levels, there was increased detection of graves that was most likely related to conductive decompositional fluid from the carcasses.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 74-89 |
| Number of pages | 16 |
| Journal | Journal of Applied Geophysics |
| Volume | 83 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Aug 2012 |
Funding
This research could not have been completed without the support from the numerous graduate and undergraduate students who graciously provided their assistance in the field. We are thankful to Robert K. Banks from the Office of Research and Commercialization, WAF Facility at the University of Central Florida, for his logistical assistance with this project. We would like to thank the Departments of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering at the University of Central Florida for providing access to the Deep Foundations and Geotechnical Research Site. We would also like to thank Brittany Walter and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that strengthened this manuscript. In addition, this project was supported by Award No. 2008-DN-BX-K132 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice . The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of Justice.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| U.S. Department of Justice | |
| National Institute of Justice | |
| Office of Justice Programs |
Keywords
- Controlled graves
- Forensic archaeology
- Forensic science
- Ground penetrating radar
- Pig carcasses
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geophysics