Abstract
Aim: Population dynamics are often tightly linked to the condition of the landscape. Focusing on a landscape impacted by mountaintop removal coal mining (MTR), we ask the following questions: (1) How does MTR influence vital rates including occupancy, colonization and persistence probabilities, and conditional abundance of stream salamander species and life stages? (2) Do species and life stages respond similar to MTR mining or is there significant variation among species and life stages?. Location: Freshwater and terrestrial habitats in Central Appalachia (South-eastern Kentucky, USA). Methods: We conducted salamander counts for three consecutive years in 23 headwater stream reaches in forested or previously mined landscapes. We used a hierarchical, N-mixture model with dynamic occupancy to calculate species- and life stage-specific occupancy, colonization and persistence rates, and abundance given occupancy. We examined the coefficients of the hierarchical priors to determine population variation among species and life stages. Results: Over 3 years, reference sites had greater salamander abundances and were occupied at a much higher rate than streams impacted by MTR. At sites impacted by MTR mining, most salamander species and life stages exhibited reduced initial occupancy, colonization rates, persistence rates and conditional abundance relative to reference stream reaches. Furthermore, the rates in MTR sites showed low variance, reinforcing that species and life stages were responding similar to MTR. Main conclusions: Salamander populations in landscapes modified by MTR mining exhibited significantly reduced vital rates compared to reference sites. Yet, similarity in responses across species suggests that management or restoration may benefit the entire salamander assemblage. For example, reforestation could reduce landscape resistance, repair altered hydrologic regimes and allow for higher rates of colonization and persistence in streams impacted by MTR.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1242-1251 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Diversity and Distributions |
Volume | 24 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 2018 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We thank D. Baxley, D. Collett, M. Draper, K. Evans, L. Fleckenstein, M. Hamilton, M. Lambert, J. McKenzie, C. Starnes and J. Yang for helping with data collection, analyses and project logistics. Funding for this project was provided by the Kentucky Academy of Science, Tracy Farmer Institute for Sustainability and the Environment, University of Kentucky Appalachian Center, Kentucky Society of Natural History, the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky and the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Research Program (Accession Number 1001968). S. Bonner is supported by NSERC Grant 493024-2016.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Keywords
- Appalachia
- abundance
- coal mining
- colonization
- persistence
- valley fill
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics