Multiple extra-pulmonary disorders associated with Rhodococcus equi infection in a 2-month-old foal

A 2-month-old Thoroughbred filly was referred to Hagyard Equine Medical Institute for further evaluation of acute pyrexia and a suspected intra-abdominal abscess based on abdominal ultrasonography performed in the field. Initial examination revealed bilateral uveitis, polysynovitis, a large internal abdominal abscess and pneumonia. A transtracheal wash confirmed the presence of a multi-sensitive strain of Rhodococcus equi. Anaemia and thrombocytopenia were noted during hospitalisation. Results of a Coombs test were consistent with an immune-mediated haemolytic process. Recurrent pyrexia, abdominal discomfort and severe respiratory distress unresponsive to intensive medical support motivated euthanasia followed by necropsy after 30 days of treatment. Overall, six extra-pulmonary disorders were simultaneously diagnosed despite the lack of pulmonary pyogranulomas.