Abstract
Replacement of conventional high-power appliances including heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) and resistive electric water heaters (EWHs) with heat pumps is expected to be implemented long-term to increase energy efficiency. Even with efficiency upgrades, future residential power demand may rise due to increasing electric vehicle (EV) penetration. Extensive experimental data from field demonstrators and regional utilities as well as thousands of synthetically generated loads are utilized to investigate the effect of heat pumps, EV charging, and distributed solar PV on residential power demand and distribution transformers. Values are established for typical rating distribution and connection to multiple houses to study and quantify the impact seen by residential transformers with load and diversity factor calculations. At the residence level, uncontrolled EV charging on a circuit with 100% heat pump water heater (HPWH) penetration significantly decreased average load factor across all transformer ratings, decreased average diversity factor for transformers rated 75kVA and higher, and caused more frequent transformer overload.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2024 - Proceedings |
| Pages | 1031-1036 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9798350376067 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2024 |
| Event | 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2024 - Phoenix, United States Duration: Oct 20 2024 → Oct 24 2024 |
Publication series
| Name | 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2024 - Proceedings |
|---|
Conference
| Conference | 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2024 |
|---|---|
| Country/Territory | United States |
| City | Phoenix |
| Period | 10/20/24 → 10/24/24 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2024 IEEE.
Funding
This paper is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award No. 1936131 and under NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Grant No. 2239063. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. The support of Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), AO Smith Corporation, PPL Corporation, and of University of Kentucky L. Stanley Pigman Chair in Power Endowment is also gratefully acknowledged.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| PPL Corporation | |
| AO Smith Corporation | |
| Tennessee Valley Authority | |
| U.S. Department of Energy Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Oak Ridge National Laboratory Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment National Science Foundation National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center National Natural Science Foundation of China | 2239063, 1936131 |
| U.S. Department of Energy Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Oak Ridge National Laboratory Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment National Science Foundation National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center National Natural Science Foundation of China |
Keywords
- diversity factor
- Electric power distribution system
- electric vehicle (EV)
- heat pump water heater (HPWH)
- load factor
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
