Non-primate lentiviral vector administration in the TMJ

Gene therapy is emerging as a novel treatment method for the management of temporomandibular joint disorders. The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of lentiviral vectors on the temporomandibular joint. Consequently, we injected into the articular joint space a defective feline immunodeficiency virus capable of infecting dividing as well as terminally differentiated cells with the reporter gene lacZ, the expression of which was studied by means of PCR, X-gal histochemistry, and β-galactosidase immunocytochemistry. Our results showed successful transduction of hard and soft tissues of the temporomandibular joint. Interestingly, a subset of primary sensory neurons of the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion also stained positive for the reporter gene, presumably following uptake of the lentiviral vector by peripheral nerve fibers and retrograde transport to the nucleus. These findings suggest that lentiviral vectors can potentially serve as a platform for the transfer of anti-nociceptive genes for the management of temporomandibular joint pain.