Abstract
Positive-strand (+)RNA viruses are major pathogens of humans, animals and plants. This review summarizes the complex interplay between the host autophagy pathway and Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) replication. Recent discoveries with TBSV have revealed virus-driven exploitation of autophagy in multiple ways that contributes to the unique phospholipid composition of viral replication organellar (VROs) membranes. Viral replication protein-driven subversion of phagophore membranes, recruitment of ATG2 bulk lipid transfer protein to enrich phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in VROs, recruitment of VPS34 PI3K to produce PI(3)P; and ATG11-facilitated formation of stable viral membrane contact sites contributes to VRO membrane proliferation. Recruitment of autophagy core proteins to vir-NBR1 bodies within vir-condensates associated with VROs results in dampened antiviral degradation by autophagy. Overall, TBSV intricate interplay with the autophagy machinery highlights the importance of lipid dynamics in viral life cycles and points toward potential directions for therapeutic intervention.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 110363 |
Journal | Virology |
Volume | 603 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Feb 2025 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2024 Elsevier Inc.
Funding
We thank Drs. Wenwu Lin and Shifeng Zhu for comments on the manuscript. We thank the reviewers for valuable suggestions to improve the paper. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (IOS-1922895), USDA (NIFA, 2020-70410-32901) and a USDA hatch grant (KY012042) to PDN.
Funders | Funder number |
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U.S. Department of Agriculture | |
U.S. Department of Energy Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Oak Ridge National Laboratory Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment National Science Foundation National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center National Natural Science Foundation of China | IOS-1922895 |
U.S. Department of Energy Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Oak Ridge National Laboratory Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment National Science Foundation National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center National Natural Science Foundation of China | |
US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative | 2020-70410-32901, KY012042 |
US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative |
Keywords
- Dependency factor
- Host factor
- Lipid transfer protein
- Nicotiana benthamiana
- Phospholipids
- Replication
- Tomato bushy stunt virus
- Virus-host interaction
- Yeast
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Virology