Abstract
Here, we investigated thiol-redox-mediated phospholipase D (PLD) signaling as a mechanism of mercury cytotoxicity in mouse aortic endothelial cell (MAEC) in vitro model utilizing the novel lipid-soluble thiol-redox antioxidant and heavy metal chelator, N,N′-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)isophthalamide (NBMI) and the novel PLD-specific inhibitor, 5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI). Our results demonstrated (i) mercury in the form of mercury(II) chloride, methylmercury, and thimerosal induced PLD activation in a dose-and time-dependent manner; (ii) NBMI and FIPI completely attenuated mercury-and oxidant-induced PLD activation; (iii) mercury induced upstream phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) leading to downstream threonine phosphorylation of PLD1 which was attenuated by NBMI; (iv) mercury caused loss of intracellular glutathione which was restored by NBMI; and (v) NBMI and FIPI attenuated mercury-and oxidant-induced cytotoxicity in MAECs. For the first time, this study demonstrated that redox-dependent and PLD-mediated bioactive lipid signaling was involved in mercury-induced vascular EC cytotoxicity which was protected by NBMI and FIPI.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 619-638 |
| Number of pages | 20 |
| Journal | International Journal of Toxicology |
| Volume | 30 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 2011 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine of the Ohio State University College of Medicine, the National Institute of Health (HL093463), the International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology (IAOMT), and the Alan D. Clark, MD, Memorial Research Fund.
Funding Information:
Boyd E. Haley, a coauthor of this communication, is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA with a 20% research appointment and is on an active NSF grant in that institution. Dr Haley is also the President of CTI Science which is a possible conflict of interest since they hold the license to the patents concerning the compound, NBMI. However, this research project had not been funded or had not been supported or carried out in part or full by CTI Science in any way. Neither Dr Haley nor CTI Science had any influence or control on this research project. This research project was entirely initiated and supervised by Narasimham L. Parinandi at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, with the compound, NBMI synthesized by Niladri Gupta (a graduate student of Boyd E. Haley) in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, under the supervision of Dr Haley. Boyd E. Haley is Chair of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology (IAOMT), who advises the IAOMT Board regarding scientific matters, but he does not have any control over IAOMT in their grant funding decisions. The IAOMT award has been given exclusively to Narasimham L. Parinandi to conduct research without any influence or control of Boyd E. Haley on this research project. Overall, there are no conflicts of interest.
Funding
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine of the Ohio State University College of Medicine, the National Institute of Health (HL093463), the International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology (IAOMT), and the Alan D. Clark, MD, Memorial Research Fund. Boyd E. Haley, a coauthor of this communication, is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA with a 20% research appointment and is on an active NSF grant in that institution. Dr Haley is also the President of CTI Science which is a possible conflict of interest since they hold the license to the patents concerning the compound, NBMI. However, this research project had not been funded or had not been supported or carried out in part or full by CTI Science in any way. Neither Dr Haley nor CTI Science had any influence or control on this research project. This research project was entirely initiated and supervised by Narasimham L. Parinandi at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, with the compound, NBMI synthesized by Niladri Gupta (a graduate student of Boyd E. Haley) in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, under the supervision of Dr Haley. Boyd E. Haley is Chair of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology (IAOMT), who advises the IAOMT Board regarding scientific matters, but he does not have any control over IAOMT in their grant funding decisions. The IAOMT award has been given exclusively to Narasimham L. Parinandi to conduct research without any influence or control of Boyd E. Haley on this research project. Overall, there are no conflicts of interest.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases | |
| Sleep Medicine of the Ohio State University College of Medicine | |
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | |
| National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) | R01HL093463 |
| International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology | |
| Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham |
Keywords
- Antioxidant
- Bioactive lipid signaling
- Endothelial cell
- FIPI
- Mercaptoethylisophthalamide
- Mercury
- NBMI
- PLD
- Thiol redox
- Vasculotoxicity
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Toxicology