Abstract
In spite of its global significance to biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles (e.g., as a methane source and carbon dioxide sink), the Pantanal of western Brazil remains underexplored from the perspective of Quaternary paleoecology, paleogeography, and paleoclimatology. Long in the scientific and cultural shadow cast by the Amazon Basin, recent research using lake sediment cores from different sites across the Pantanal lowlands has provided a glimpse at the sensitivity of this savanna floodplain wetland to climate-driven perturbations in the hydrologic cycle. Understanding the controls and feedbacks associated with this sensitivity is important, as the Pantanal is a critical freshwater resource situated in the headwaters of the immense Río de la Plata Basin. Published lake sediment archives have adopted a multi-indicator analytical approach, focusing on physical sedimentology, geochemistry, palynology, and siliceous microfossils. Such studies extend in time from the late Pleistocene to the present day, with the greatest emphasis placed on reconstruction of the Holocene environmental history. Several important transitions in effective precipitation have been inferred for the Holocene, which appear to be dominantly linked to variability in insolation and the South American Summer Monsoon system. By contrast, evidence of aridity in the Pantanal during the Last Glacial Maximum suggests that the wetlands also respond in a complex manner to Northern Hemisphere ice volume and that insolation forcing alone fails to fully explain patterns of environmental change. The great diversity of lacustrine ecosystems in the Pantanal warrant additional study and hold the potential to broaden our understanding of the response of tropical wetlands to global change. Such insights will be valuable for conservation planning, resource security, and sustainable management.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Handbook of Environmental Chemistry |
Pages | 51-81 |
Number of pages | 31 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2016 |
Publication series
Name | Handbook of Environmental Chemistry |
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Volume | 37 |
ISSN (Print) | 1867-979X |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We thank the many colleagues, students, family members, and friends who assisted and supported our field and laboratory research in the Pantanal from 2006 to 2014. The authors thank the Mato Grosso do Sul Research Foundation - FUNDECT (23/200.628/2012), the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development – CNPq (447402/2014-5) and Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul for financial support to our research in the Pantanal Basin. The National Council of Technological and Scientific Development – CNPq is acknowledged for grants to AS (312386/2014-1). We thank the Laboratóorio de Geoprocessamento at CPAN for assistance with figures. Discussions with R. Guerreiro, E. Lo, and C. Gans improved the quality and direction of the manuscript, and reviews by the editors are gratefully acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
Keywords
- Brazil
- Lakes
- Sediment cores
- Tropical paleoclimatology
- Wetlands
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Global and Planetary Change
- Environmental Chemistry
- Water Science and Technology
- Waste Management and Disposal
- Pollution