PARIS and SPARTA: Finding the Achilles' Heel of SARS-CoV-2

doi:10.1128/msphere.00179-22

PARIS and SPARTA: Finding the Achilles' Heel of SARS-CoV-2

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25 Scopus citations

Abstract

To understand reinfection rates and correlates of protection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we established eight different longitudinal cohorts in 2020 under the umbrella of the PARIS (Protection Associated with Rapid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2)/SPARTA (SARS SeroPrevalence And Respiratory Tract Assessment) studies. Here, we describe the PARIS/SPARTA cohorts, the harmonized assays and analysis that are performed across the cohorts, as well as case definitions for SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection that have been established by the team of PARIS/SPARTA investigators. IMPORTANCE Determining reinfection rates and correlates of protection against SARSCoV-2 infection induced by both natural infection and vaccination is of high significance for the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, understanding reinfections or infection after vaccination and the role immune escape plays in these scenarios will inform the need for updates of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and help update guidelines suitable for the postpandemic world.

Original language	English
Journal	mSphere
Volume	7
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00179-22
State	Published - Jun 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Simon et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

Funding

We thank the study participants for their continued generosity and willingness to support COVID-19 research. We thank Teresa Hauguel, Stacy Ferguson, Debbie Bratt, and Diane Post at NIAID for their scientific input and encouragement during these challenging times. This work is part of the PARIS/SPARTA studies funded by the NIAID Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVIC) contracts 75N93019C00051 and 75N93019C00052. T.M.R. is supported by the Georgia Research Alliance as an eminent scholar. We also thank the University of Georgia Clinical and Translational Research Unit (CTRU) for assistance. The CTRU is supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number UL1TR002378. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. SPARTA LA was also supported by the UCLA W. M. Keck Foundation COVID 19 Research Award Program. FIG 1 Overview of the PARIS/SPARTA cohorts. (A) Geographic location of the different sites in the United States. Blue stars indicate sites supported by 75N93019C00051, red stars indicate sites supported by 75N93019C00052. (B) Timeline of the pandemic in the United States and the establishment of the different cohorts. The U.S. map in panel A was used as permitted under a CC0 license (source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blank_USA,_w_territories.svg). Editor Angela L. Rasmussen, University of Saskatchewan Copyright © 2022 Simon et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Address correspondence to Ted M. Ross, [email protected], or Florian Krammer, [email protected]. The authors declare a conflict of interest. The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai has filed patent applications relating to SARS-CoV-2 serological assays (inventors named FK, VS) and NDV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (inventor named FK). FK would also like to note the following, which could be perceived as a conflict of interest: He has previously published work on influenza virus vaccines with S. Gilbert (University of Oxford), has consulted for Curevac, Merck and Pfizer (before 2020), is currently consulting for Pfizer, Seqirus, Third Rock Ventures and Avimex, his laboratory is collaborating with Pfizer on animal models of SARS-CoV-2, his laboratory is collaborating with N. Pardi at the University of Pennsylvania on mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, his laboratory was working in the past with GlaxoSmithKline on the development of influenza virus vaccines and two of his mentees have recently joined Moderna. RK reports consulting fees, honoraria, travel funding, and research support from Illumina, QIAGEN, and Perkin Elmer which manufactures SARS-CoV-2 testing and sequencing kits. Received 2 April 2022 Accepted 13 April 2022 Published 19 May 22

Funders	Funder number
University of Georgia Clinical and Translational Research Unit
Teresa Hauguel
University of California, Los Angeles
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
CTRU
NIAID Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers
“Civic - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital	75N93019C00051, 75N93019C00052
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)	UL1TR002378
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious F32-AI286447 Cydney N. Johnson Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious R01AI168214 Jason W. Rosch Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious P30 Cydney N. Johnson Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious R00-AI166116 Christopher D. Radka Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious T32-AI106700 Cydney N. Johnson Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious R01AI192221 Jason W. Rosch Diseases National Inst...	P30AI073961

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
antibodies
cohort study
reinfection

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Microbiology
Molecular Biology

Access to Document

10.1128/msphere.00179-22

Cite this

@article{fd2404880513454dafb07d92534a0897,

title = "PARIS and SPARTA: Finding the Achilles' Heel of SARS-CoV-2",

abstract = "To understand reinfection rates and correlates of protection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we established eight different longitudinal cohorts in 2020 under the umbrella of the PARIS (Protection Associated with Rapid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2)/SPARTA (SARS SeroPrevalence And Respiratory Tract Assessment) studies. Here, we describe the PARIS/SPARTA cohorts, the harmonized assays and analysis that are performed across the cohorts, as well as case definitions for SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection that have been established by the team of PARIS/SPARTA investigators. IMPORTANCE Determining reinfection rates and correlates of protection against SARSCoV-2 infection induced by both natural infection and vaccination is of high significance for the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, understanding reinfections or infection after vaccination and the role immune escape plays in these scenarios will inform the need for updates of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and help update guidelines suitable for the postpandemic world.",

keywords = "COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, antibodies, cohort study, reinfection",

author = "Viviana Simon and Vamsi Kota and Bloomquist, \{Ryan F.\} and Hanley, \{Hannah B.\} and David Forgacs and Savita Pahwa and Suresh Pallikkuth and Miller, \{Loren G.\} and Joanna Schaenman and Yeaman, \{Michael R.\} and David Manthei and Joshua Wolf and Gaur, \{Aditya H.\} and Estepp, \{Jeremie H.\} and Komal Srivastava and Carre{\~n}o, \{Juan Manuel\} and Frans Cuevas and Ellebedy, \{Ali H.\} and Aubree Gordon and Riccardo Valdez and Sarah Cobey and Reed, \{Elaine F.\} and Ravindra Kolhe and Thomas, \{Paul G.\} and Stacey Schultz-Cherry and Ross, \{Ted M.\} and Florian Krammer and Klebert, \{Michael K.\} and \{Turner Wooseob\}, \{Jackson S.\} and Kalaidina, \{Kim Elizaveta\} and Presti, \{Rachel M.\} and O'Halloran, \{Jane A.\} and Alem Haile and Goss, \{Charles W.\} and Rauseo, \{Adriana M.\} and Aaron Schmitz and Tingting Lei and Erin Williams and Michael Hoffer and Hala Alshammary and Amoako, \{Angela A.\} and Dalles Andre and Awawda, \{Mahmoud H.\} and Katherine Beach and Carolina Berm{\'u}dez-Gonz{\'a}lez and Dominika Bielak and Cai, \{Gianna Y.\} and Ilaria Ceglia and Christian Cognigni and Justin Moore",

note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022 Simon et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.",

year = "2022",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1128/msphere.00179-22",

language = "English",

volume = "7",

number = "3",

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T2 - Finding the Achilles' Heel of SARS-CoV-2

AU - Simon, Viviana

AU - Kota, Vamsi

AU - Bloomquist, Ryan F.

AU - Hanley, Hannah B.

AU - Forgacs, David

AU - Pahwa, Savita

AU - Pallikkuth, Suresh

AU - Miller, Loren G.

AU - Schaenman, Joanna

AU - Yeaman, Michael R.

AU - Manthei, David

AU - Wolf, Joshua

AU - Gaur, Aditya H.

AU - Estepp, Jeremie H.

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AU - Carreño, Juan Manuel

AU - Cuevas, Frans

AU - Ellebedy, Ali H.

AU - Gordon, Aubree

AU - Valdez, Riccardo

AU - Cobey, Sarah

AU - Reed, Elaine F.

AU - Kolhe, Ravindra

AU - Thomas, Paul G.

AU - Schultz-Cherry, Stacey

AU - Ross, Ted M.

AU - Krammer, Florian

AU - Klebert, Michael K.

AU - Turner Wooseob, Jackson S.

AU - Kalaidina, Kim Elizaveta

AU - Presti, Rachel M.

AU - O'Halloran, Jane A.

AU - Haile, Alem

AU - Goss, Charles W.

AU - Rauseo, Adriana M.

AU - Schmitz, Aaron

AU - Lei, Tingting

AU - Williams, Erin

AU - Hoffer, Michael

AU - Alshammary, Hala

AU - Amoako, Angela A.

AU - Andre, Dalles

AU - Awawda, Mahmoud H.

AU - Beach, Katherine

AU - Bermúdez-González, Carolina

AU - Bielak, Dominika

AU - Cai, Gianna Y.

AU - Ceglia, Ilaria

AU - Cognigni, Christian

AU - Moore, Justin

PY - 2022/6

Y1 - 2022/6

N2 - To understand reinfection rates and correlates of protection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we established eight different longitudinal cohorts in 2020 under the umbrella of the PARIS (Protection Associated with Rapid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2)/SPARTA (SARS SeroPrevalence And Respiratory Tract Assessment) studies. Here, we describe the PARIS/SPARTA cohorts, the harmonized assays and analysis that are performed across the cohorts, as well as case definitions for SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection that have been established by the team of PARIS/SPARTA investigators. IMPORTANCE Determining reinfection rates and correlates of protection against SARSCoV-2 infection induced by both natural infection and vaccination is of high significance for the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, understanding reinfections or infection after vaccination and the role immune escape plays in these scenarios will inform the need for updates of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and help update guidelines suitable for the postpandemic world.

AB - To understand reinfection rates and correlates of protection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we established eight different longitudinal cohorts in 2020 under the umbrella of the PARIS (Protection Associated with Rapid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2)/SPARTA (SARS SeroPrevalence And Respiratory Tract Assessment) studies. Here, we describe the PARIS/SPARTA cohorts, the harmonized assays and analysis that are performed across the cohorts, as well as case definitions for SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection that have been established by the team of PARIS/SPARTA investigators. IMPORTANCE Determining reinfection rates and correlates of protection against SARSCoV-2 infection induced by both natural infection and vaccination is of high significance for the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, understanding reinfections or infection after vaccination and the role immune escape plays in these scenarios will inform the need for updates of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and help update guidelines suitable for the postpandemic world.

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KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - antibodies

KW - cohort study

KW - reinfection

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DO - 10.1128/msphere.00179-22

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AN - SCOPUS:85133214810

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JO - mSphere

JF - mSphere

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PARIS and SPARTA: Finding the Achilles' Heel of SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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