Parton distributions and lattice QCD calculations: A community white paper

Huey Wen Lin; Emanuele R. Nocera; Fred Olness; Kostas Orginos; Juan Rojo; Alberto Accardi; Constantia Alexandrou; Alessandro Bacchetta; Giuseppe Bozzi; Jiunn Wei Chen; Sara Collins; Amanda Cooper-Sarkar; Martha Constantinou; Luigi Del Debbio; Michael Engelhardt; Jeremy Green; Rajan Gupta; Lucian A. Harland-Lang; Tomomi Ishikawa; Aleksander Kusina; Keh Fei Liu; Simonetta Liuti; Christopher Monahan; Pavel Nadolsky; Jian Wei Qiu; Ingo Schienbein; Gerrit Schierholz; Robert S. Thorne; Werner Vogelsang; Hartmut Wittig; C. P. Yuan; James Zanotti

doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.01.007

Parton distributions and lattice QCD calculations: A community white paper

Huey Wen Lin, Emanuele R. Nocera, Fred Olness, Kostas Orginos, Juan Rojo, Alberto Accardi, Constantia Alexandrou, Alessandro Bacchetta, Giuseppe Bozzi, Jiunn Wei Chen, Sara Collins, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, Martha Constantinou, Luigi Del Debbio, Michael Engelhardt, Jeremy Green, Rajan Gupta, Lucian A. Harland-Lang, Tomomi Ishikawa, Aleksander KusinaKeh Fei Liu, Simonetta Liuti, Christopher Monahan, Pavel Nadolsky, Jian Wei Qiu, Ingo Schienbein, Gerrit Schierholz, Robert S. Thorne, Werner Vogelsang, Hartmut Wittig, C. P. Yuan, James Zanotti

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

163 Citations (SciVal)

Abstract

In the framework of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), parton distribution functions (PDFs) quantify how the momentum and spin of a hadron are divided among its quark and gluon constituents. Two main approaches exist to determine PDFs. The first approach, based on QCD factorization theorems, realizes a QCD analysis of a suitable set of hard-scattering measurements, often using a variety of hadronic observables. The second approach, based on first-principle operator definitions of PDFs, uses lattice QCD to compute directly some PDF-related quantities, such as their moments. Motivated by recent progress in both approaches, in this document we present an overview of lattice-QCD and global-analysis techniques used to determine unpolarized and polarized proton PDFs and their moments. We provide benchmark numbers to validate present and future lattice-QCD calculations and we illustrate how they could be used to reduce the PDF uncertainties in current unpolarized and polarized global analyses. This document represents a first step towards establishing a common language between the two communities, to foster dialogue and to further improve our knowledge of PDFs.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	107-160
Number of pages	54
Journal	Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
Volume	100
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.01.007
State	Published - May 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We are grateful to Jacqueline Gills and Michelle Bosher for their help in the organization of the workshop. We thank Rodolfo Sassot and Jacob Ethier for providing us with the DSSV14 predictions in Table C.3 and with the JAM17 predictions in Tables 3.6 and C.2, C.3 . The workshop was partly supported by the European Research Council (ERC) via the Starting Grant PDF4BSM - Parton Distributions in the Higgs Boson Era . We also thank the Department of Energy’s (DoE) Institute of Nuclear Theory (INT) at the University of Washington in Seattle ( DE-FG02-00ER41132 ) for partial support during the completion of this work. This work was also partially funded by the U.S. DoE contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 , under which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC operates Jefferson Lab. H.-W.L. is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant PHY 1653405 ; E.R.N. by the U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) via the Rutherford Grant ST/M003787/1 and the Consolidated Grant ST/P000630/1 ; K.O. by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DoE contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 , by U.S. DoE under Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER41302 , and by STFC via the Consolidated Grant ST/P000681/1 ; F.I.O. and P.M.N. by the U.S. DoE under Grant No. DE-SC0010129 ; J.R. by the ERC via the Starting Grant PDF4BSM - Parton Distributions in the Higgs Boson Era and by the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) ( 680-91-105 ); A.A. acknowledges support by the U.S. DoE under contract No. DE-SC008791 ; A.B. and G.B. by the ERC via the Consolidator Grant 3DSPIN - Mapping the proton in 3D ; J.-W.C. partly by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan , under Grant No. 105-2112-M-002-017-MY3 and the Kenda Foundation ; S.C. by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via the SFB/TRR 55 project; M.C. by the U.S. DoE, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, within the framework of the TMD Topical Collaboration, as well as by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1714407 ; L.D.D. by the Royal Society , Wolfson Research Merit Award, Grant No. WM140078 : M.E. by the U.S. DoE, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics through Grant DE-FG02-96ER40965 as well as through the TMD Topical Collaboration; L.A.H.-L. and R.S.T. by the STFC via Grant awards ST/L000377/1 and ST/P000274/1 ; S.L. by the U.S. DoE through Grant No. DE-SC0016286 ; C.J.M. by the U.S. DoE through Grant No. DE-FG02-00ER41132 ; T.I. by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grants No. 16DZ2260200 ) and in part by the DoE, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) funding of BNL, under contract No. DE-EC0012704 ; C.-P.Y. by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1417326 ; R. G. by the U.S. DoE, Office of Science of High Energy Physics, under Contract No. DE-KA-1401020 . Appendix A

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Global QCD fits
Lattice QCD
Unpolarized/polarized parton distribution functions (PDFs)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics

Access to Document

10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.01.007

Cite this

Lin, H. W., Nocera, E. R., Olness, F., Orginos, K., Rojo, J., Accardi, A., Alexandrou, C., Bacchetta, A., Bozzi, G., Chen, J. W., Collins, S., Cooper-Sarkar, A., Constantinou, M., Del Debbio, L., Engelhardt, M., Green, J., Gupta, R., Harland-Lang, L. A., Ishikawa, T., ... Zanotti, J. (2018). Parton distributions and lattice QCD calculations: A community white paper. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, 100, 107-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.01.007

@article{74ef229221604abf94f1f075f27c41ae,

title = "Parton distributions and lattice QCD calculations: A community white paper",

abstract = "In the framework of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), parton distribution functions (PDFs) quantify how the momentum and spin of a hadron are divided among its quark and gluon constituents. Two main approaches exist to determine PDFs. The first approach, based on QCD factorization theorems, realizes a QCD analysis of a suitable set of hard-scattering measurements, often using a variety of hadronic observables. The second approach, based on first-principle operator definitions of PDFs, uses lattice QCD to compute directly some PDF-related quantities, such as their moments. Motivated by recent progress in both approaches, in this document we present an overview of lattice-QCD and global-analysis techniques used to determine unpolarized and polarized proton PDFs and their moments. We provide benchmark numbers to validate present and future lattice-QCD calculations and we illustrate how they could be used to reduce the PDF uncertainties in current unpolarized and polarized global analyses. This document represents a first step towards establishing a common language between the two communities, to foster dialogue and to further improve our knowledge of PDFs.",

keywords = "Global QCD fits, Lattice QCD, Unpolarized/polarized parton distribution functions (PDFs)",

author = "Lin, {Huey Wen} and Nocera, {Emanuele R.} and Fred Olness and Kostas Orginos and Juan Rojo and Alberto Accardi and Constantia Alexandrou and Alessandro Bacchetta and Giuseppe Bozzi and Chen, {Jiunn Wei} and Sara Collins and Amanda Cooper-Sarkar and Martha Constantinou and {Del Debbio}, Luigi and Michael Engelhardt and Jeremy Green and Rajan Gupta and Harland-Lang, {Lucian A.} and Tomomi Ishikawa and Aleksander Kusina and Liu, {Keh Fei} and Simonetta Liuti and Christopher Monahan and Pavel Nadolsky and Qiu, {Jian Wei} and Ingo Schienbein and Gerrit Schierholz and Thorne, {Robert S.} and Werner Vogelsang and Hartmut Wittig and Yuan, {C. P.} and James Zanotti",

note = "Funding Information: We are grateful to Jacqueline Gills and Michelle Bosher for their help in the organization of the workshop. We thank Rodolfo Sassot and Jacob Ethier for providing us with the DSSV14 predictions in Table C.3 and with the JAM17 predictions in Tables 3.6 and C.2, C.3 . The workshop was partly supported by the European Research Council (ERC) via the Starting Grant PDF4BSM - Parton Distributions in the Higgs Boson Era . We also thank the Department of Energy{\textquoteright}s (DoE) Institute of Nuclear Theory (INT) at the University of Washington in Seattle ( DE-FG02-00ER41132 ) for partial support during the completion of this work. This work was also partially funded by the U.S. DoE contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 , under which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC operates Jefferson Lab. H.-W.L. is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant PHY 1653405 ; E.R.N. by the U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) via the Rutherford Grant ST/M003787/1 and the Consolidated Grant ST/P000630/1 ; K.O. by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DoE contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 , by U.S. DoE under Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER41302 , and by STFC via the Consolidated Grant ST/P000681/1 ; F.I.O. and P.M.N. by the U.S. DoE under Grant No. DE-SC0010129 ; J.R. by the ERC via the Starting Grant PDF4BSM - Parton Distributions in the Higgs Boson Era and by the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) ( 680-91-105 ); A.A. acknowledges support by the U.S. DoE under contract No. DE-SC008791 ; A.B. and G.B. by the ERC via the Consolidator Grant 3DSPIN - Mapping the proton in 3D ; J.-W.C. partly by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan , under Grant No. 105-2112-M-002-017-MY3 and the Kenda Foundation ; S.C. by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via the SFB/TRR 55 project; M.C. by the U.S. DoE, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, within the framework of the TMD Topical Collaboration, as well as by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1714407 ; L.D.D. by the Royal Society , Wolfson Research Merit Award, Grant No. WM140078 : M.E. by the U.S. DoE, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics through Grant DE-FG02-96ER40965 as well as through the TMD Topical Collaboration; L.A.H.-L. and R.S.T. by the STFC via Grant awards ST/L000377/1 and ST/P000274/1 ; S.L. by the U.S. DoE through Grant No. DE-SC0016286 ; C.J.M. by the U.S. DoE through Grant No. DE-FG02-00ER41132 ; T.I. by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grants No. 16DZ2260200 ) and in part by the DoE, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) funding of BNL, under contract No. DE-EC0012704 ; C.-P.Y. by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1417326 ; R. G. by the U.S. DoE, Office of Science of High Energy Physics, under Contract No. DE-KA-1401020 . Appendix A Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2018",

month = may,

doi = "10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.01.007",

language = "English",

volume = "100",

pages = "107--160",

}

Lin, HW, Nocera, ER, Olness, F, Orginos, K, Rojo, J, Accardi, A, Alexandrou, C, Bacchetta, A, Bozzi, G, Chen, JW, Collins, S, Cooper-Sarkar, A, Constantinou, M, Del Debbio, L, Engelhardt, M, Green, J, Gupta, R, Harland-Lang, LA, Ishikawa, T, Kusina, A, Liu, KF, Liuti, S, Monahan, C, Nadolsky, P, Qiu, JW, Schienbein, I, Schierholz, G, Thorne, RS, Vogelsang, W, Wittig, H, Yuan, CP & Zanotti, J 2018, 'Parton distributions and lattice QCD calculations: A community white paper', Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, vol. 100, pp. 107-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.01.007

TY - JOUR

T1 - Parton distributions and lattice QCD calculations

T2 - A community white paper

AU - Lin, Huey Wen

AU - Nocera, Emanuele R.

AU - Olness, Fred

AU - Orginos, Kostas

AU - Rojo, Juan

AU - Accardi, Alberto

AU - Alexandrou, Constantia

AU - Bacchetta, Alessandro

AU - Bozzi, Giuseppe

AU - Chen, Jiunn Wei

AU - Collins, Sara

AU - Cooper-Sarkar, Amanda

AU - Constantinou, Martha

AU - Del Debbio, Luigi

AU - Engelhardt, Michael

AU - Green, Jeremy

AU - Gupta, Rajan

AU - Harland-Lang, Lucian A.

AU - Ishikawa, Tomomi

AU - Kusina, Aleksander

AU - Liu, Keh Fei

AU - Liuti, Simonetta

AU - Monahan, Christopher

AU - Nadolsky, Pavel

AU - Qiu, Jian Wei

AU - Schienbein, Ingo

AU - Schierholz, Gerrit

AU - Thorne, Robert S.

AU - Vogelsang, Werner

AU - Wittig, Hartmut

AU - Yuan, C. P.

AU - Zanotti, James

N1 - Funding Information: We are grateful to Jacqueline Gills and Michelle Bosher for their help in the organization of the workshop. We thank Rodolfo Sassot and Jacob Ethier for providing us with the DSSV14 predictions in Table C.3 and with the JAM17 predictions in Tables 3.6 and C.2, C.3 . The workshop was partly supported by the European Research Council (ERC) via the Starting Grant PDF4BSM - Parton Distributions in the Higgs Boson Era . We also thank the Department of Energy’s (DoE) Institute of Nuclear Theory (INT) at the University of Washington in Seattle ( DE-FG02-00ER41132 ) for partial support during the completion of this work. This work was also partially funded by the U.S. DoE contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 , under which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC operates Jefferson Lab. H.-W.L. is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant PHY 1653405 ; E.R.N. by the U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) via the Rutherford Grant ST/M003787/1 and the Consolidated Grant ST/P000630/1 ; K.O. by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DoE contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 , by U.S. DoE under Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER41302 , and by STFC via the Consolidated Grant ST/P000681/1 ; F.I.O. and P.M.N. by the U.S. DoE under Grant No. DE-SC0010129 ; J.R. by the ERC via the Starting Grant PDF4BSM - Parton Distributions in the Higgs Boson Era and by the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) ( 680-91-105 ); A.A. acknowledges support by the U.S. DoE under contract No. DE-SC008791 ; A.B. and G.B. by the ERC via the Consolidator Grant 3DSPIN - Mapping the proton in 3D ; J.-W.C. partly by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan , under Grant No. 105-2112-M-002-017-MY3 and the Kenda Foundation ; S.C. by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via the SFB/TRR 55 project; M.C. by the U.S. DoE, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, within the framework of the TMD Topical Collaboration, as well as by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1714407 ; L.D.D. by the Royal Society , Wolfson Research Merit Award, Grant No. WM140078 : M.E. by the U.S. DoE, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics through Grant DE-FG02-96ER40965 as well as through the TMD Topical Collaboration; L.A.H.-L. and R.S.T. by the STFC via Grant awards ST/L000377/1 and ST/P000274/1 ; S.L. by the U.S. DoE through Grant No. DE-SC0016286 ; C.J.M. by the U.S. DoE through Grant No. DE-FG02-00ER41132 ; T.I. by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grants No. 16DZ2260200 ) and in part by the DoE, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) funding of BNL, under contract No. DE-EC0012704 ; C.-P.Y. by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1417326 ; R. G. by the U.S. DoE, Office of Science of High Energy Physics, under Contract No. DE-KA-1401020 . Appendix A Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2018/5

Y1 - 2018/5

N2 - In the framework of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), parton distribution functions (PDFs) quantify how the momentum and spin of a hadron are divided among its quark and gluon constituents. Two main approaches exist to determine PDFs. The first approach, based on QCD factorization theorems, realizes a QCD analysis of a suitable set of hard-scattering measurements, often using a variety of hadronic observables. The second approach, based on first-principle operator definitions of PDFs, uses lattice QCD to compute directly some PDF-related quantities, such as their moments. Motivated by recent progress in both approaches, in this document we present an overview of lattice-QCD and global-analysis techniques used to determine unpolarized and polarized proton PDFs and their moments. We provide benchmark numbers to validate present and future lattice-QCD calculations and we illustrate how they could be used to reduce the PDF uncertainties in current unpolarized and polarized global analyses. This document represents a first step towards establishing a common language between the two communities, to foster dialogue and to further improve our knowledge of PDFs.

AB - In the framework of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), parton distribution functions (PDFs) quantify how the momentum and spin of a hadron are divided among its quark and gluon constituents. Two main approaches exist to determine PDFs. The first approach, based on QCD factorization theorems, realizes a QCD analysis of a suitable set of hard-scattering measurements, often using a variety of hadronic observables. The second approach, based on first-principle operator definitions of PDFs, uses lattice QCD to compute directly some PDF-related quantities, such as their moments. Motivated by recent progress in both approaches, in this document we present an overview of lattice-QCD and global-analysis techniques used to determine unpolarized and polarized proton PDFs and their moments. We provide benchmark numbers to validate present and future lattice-QCD calculations and we illustrate how they could be used to reduce the PDF uncertainties in current unpolarized and polarized global analyses. This document represents a first step towards establishing a common language between the two communities, to foster dialogue and to further improve our knowledge of PDFs.

KW - Global QCD fits

KW - Lattice QCD

KW - Unpolarized/polarized parton distribution functions (PDFs)

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85042027801&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.01.007

DO - 10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.01.007

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:85042027801

VL - 100

SP - 107

EP - 160

ER -

Parton distributions and lattice QCD calculations: A community white paper

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Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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